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Intro to Bible Mid.
Intro to Bible Dr. Giles 1st and 2nd quiz material, as well as midterm notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 parts of the Christian New Testament? | Gospel, Acts, Letters, Apocalypse |
| What are the 3 sections of the Hebrew Bible? | Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim |
| What is the definition of "literary competency"? | The ability to ask the right questions of a given text |
| What is the goal of Lower Criticism? | understanding the history/transmission of a given text, search for the Ur text vs recognition of the Pluriform text |
| What is the goal of Higher Criticism? | Understanding the prehistory/formation of a given text |
| What is the Historical-Critical approach? | authorial intent, analyzing the author's words through a historical perspective |
| What is Source Criticism? | Focuses on the construction of the sources through the text, the JEDP theory is an example (states that 4 separate texts make up Genesis) |
| What is Form Criticism? | Identifies the function of the literary type of various parts of the Bible (Psalm 91 is a play with various parts, for example) |
| What is Redaction Criticism? | Asks how the repurposing of certain sources changes the material (Amos 1:1 is written several years after Amos prophesizes, means that time may have changed the message |
| What is Rhetorical Criticism? | Examines the persuasion techniques that are in the Bible itself (Amos 1 and 2, how Amos tries to get the Israelites to listen to his message) |
| What is Performance Criticism? | Assumes that a text is not complete (if it was originally an oral history) without the other features that storytellers use (originally would have had eye contact/vocal inflection/body language etc) |
| Major Text Families: Masoretic Text (MT) | The MT is the Hebrew Bible written in Hebrew, with vowels standardized. It is the latest major text family of the Bible |
| Major Text Families: Septuagint (LXX) | The Septuagint is a Greek translation of a Hebrew text dated around 275 BCE, it is the structure of the Old Testament in most modern English translations |
| Major Text Families: Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) | Translated by the Samaritans, who only recognize the Torah, similar to the MT but not quite the same, dated around 1st cent BCE to 1st cent CE |
| Major Text Families: Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) | Dated from the 3rd to 1st century BCE (the oldest text), contains early versions of all 3 other major text families, as well as some material that varies from all 3 |
| Applied Literature | literature that is reliant upon, and is guided by, an external reality (textbooks and nonfiction) |
| Pure Literature | depends upon coherence, not an external reality (fiction books, the Bible) |
| New Testament - Gospels | 4 currently, select presentations taken from the life of Jesus and used to persuade (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) |
| New Testament - Acts | Origin story - particular recounting of the past in order to emphasize the present uses the past to teach people about the future |
| New Testament - Letters | small documents that present themselves as letters written by religious leaders to their people, attempt to answer questions as Christianity spreads further |
| New Testament - Apocalypse | Apocalyptic literature that uses fantasy (fake events) to teach people about real life |
| What is the definition of myth? | A non-empirically verifiable way of describing reality |
| What are the 4 tiers of the Rational Rule Pyramid? | Creation, Covenant/Exodus, Law |
| Genesis Chapter 1 | Creation of the Universe - God creates everything, everything is Good, once humans are created everything is Very Good |
| Genesis Chapter 2 | Human Family - what makes people Very Good 3 relationships: Self --> God (perfect openness), Self --> Others (God creates eve, perfect peace and harmony), Self --> Self (Adam is the same on the inside and outside) |
| Genesis Chapter 3 | Disruption of the Very Good - 3 relationships from Genesis 2 (self --> God, self --> others, self --> self) are characterized by fear, guilt, and alienation and not peace and harmony |
| Genesis Chapter 4-5 | Effects of Disruption - the 1st murder, hatred, and enslavement, shows what it looks like when the 3 relationships break down |
| Genesis Chapter 6-9 | Noah/The Divine Experiment - If we take a perfect person and put them in a perfect environment, can we restore humanity to Genesis Ch. 2 (the answer is No) |
| Genesis Chapter 10-11 | Table of Nations - Forms the balance between Ch. 4-5, noah's sons and their sons, ends with an unresolved dilemma and shows there's no going back |
| How is humanity described in Genesis Chapter 1? | Humans are made "in the image of God", they can remake and make the world as they choose, caretakers of the universe, must use responsibly (DO NOT have authority over other people) |
| How is humanity described in Genesis Chapter 2? | Gender relationships should be equal, reciprocal, and mutually empowering |
| Genesis Chapter 12 | God blesses humanity to go back to Ch. 2 (human initiative won't work, this starts the divine initiative), rest of OT is commentary on verse 1-3 |
| The Timeline of the Covenant - #1 - Patriarchal | Abraham Cycle, Jacob Cycle, and Joseph Narrative Abraham and Jacob cycles are similar, short stories strung together with morals attached Joseph narrative is a long story written in baby Hebrew for kids/beginners |
| The Timeline of the Covenant - #2 - Exodus | 4 periods - Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy (deut. is in the form of a covenant), Moses is in these ones! |
| The Timeline of the Covenant - #3 - Pre-Monarchical Period/Judges | Joshua takes over when Moses dies, then Joseph takes over, then begins the Judges (charismatic warlords that run Israel), Samuel is the last Judge, anoints the first king as a priest |
| The Timeline of the Covenant - #4 - United Monarchy | 3 Kings - Saul, David, and Solomon, when Solomon dies around 922 civil war breaks out |
| The Timeline of the Covenant - #5 - Divided Monarchy | 2 sections - Israel and Judah, Amos connects to Israel and it is conquered in 722 by Assyrians, Jeremiah connects to Judah and it is conquered by Babylonians in 586 |
| The Timeline of the Covenant - #6 - Exilic Period | 586 -->530, Israel has no political leaders and it is held by Babylon |
| The Timeline of the Covenant - #7 - Post-Exilic Period | After 530, Israel has a leader again! no other information given |
| The Covenants - Noah/LOA Covenant | Genesis 9, the Little Orphan Annie covenant, promises the continuation of the natural order and is the foundation for every other promise (god pinky swears he wont flood again) |
| The Covenants - Abraham | Genesis 12, great nation with land that is a blessing to humanity, unconditional promise |
| The Covenants - Sinaitic Covenant | Exodus 19, nation/land/blessing again, makes Israel a political community (their constitution), conditional - israel must follow 10 commandments, god must uphold nation/land/blessing, progressive (deuteronomy) |
| Levitical Covenant | Numbers 25, establishes the priesthood (required for the maintenance of the new nation |
| Davidic Covenant | 2 Samuel 7, establishes a political authority, nation/land/someone from the line of David rules, davidic dynasty - messianic promise of leader with special connection to God, doesn't apply until Jesus |
| New Covenant | Jeremiah 31, Jeremiah claims the Babylonians were sent by God to punish for breaking the Covenant, new covenant is a response to breaking the old one 3 things - internalized bent to obey, personal intimacy w/ God, forgiveness (links NT and OT) |
| Direct Historical Evidence of the Exodus | NONE. NO EVIDENCE. 0 |
| Indirect Evidence of the Exodus - Dates | 2 dates often mentioned: Early and Late Early - 1445 BCE, mentioned in 1 Kings 6:1, 480 years after Exodus. #40 is used to symbolize generations, so math is flawed Late - 1290/80 BCE, derived from pharoahs and cities mentioned at start of exodus |
| Indirect Evidence of the Exodus - Hyksos | non-native Egyptian rulers from 1750 - 1550 BCE, Joseph (semite) is sold into slavery but rises to power, possibly b/c pharaoh was a Hyksos |
| Indirect Evidence of the Exodus - Amarna Tablets | People (APIRU/ABIRU/HABIRU) are a class of people the Hebrews may be a part of |
| Indirect Evidence of the Exodus - Pharaoh Merneptah | Liked beating up on Palestinians, bragged with trophies (called Stela), says "Israel's seed is no more" ~1220 BCE |
| Indirect Evidence of the Exodus - Shasu | YAHU - Israeli name for God, Moses goes to the Shasu when he is exiled |
| How Israel got to Palestine - Conquest Model | Israel started in the Transjordanian Plateau, came into Palestine, conquered the natives and took the land (new people, new identity) |
| How Israel got to Palestine - Peaceful Migration Model | Israel started in the Transjordanian Plateau, slowly migrated to Central Highlands w/ a bunch of other groups (like Shasu), formed a common ID when they got there (new ppl, new identity) |
| How Israel Got to Palestine - Peasant Revolt | Social unrest at the end of the Late Bronze age, peasants revolt against the upper class, fled to the Central Highlands and changed their social identity (same people, new identity) |
| Representative Texts of Exodus - Exodus 1 and 2 | Jacob fights God, God gives him the Abrahamic Covenant and the name Israel, tie-in to genesis (Israelites have many kids), Moses can't solve problems, only God can |
| Representative Texts of Exodus - Joshua 24 | At least 1 generation past Exodus, leaders convene at Shakom to party/reinforce relationship with God, pronoun shift to show how significant Exodus was |
| Representative Texts of Exodus - Amos 3 | At least 500 yrs after Exodus, pronouns shifted to say that even many generations later all Israelites were still there for Exodus |
| What is a creation story that enjoyed widespread popularity throughout the ancient Near East? | Enuma Elish |
| What archeological time period includes most of Ancient Israel? | Iron Age |
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lilyowens125
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