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ENVISCI Module 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| types of diversity | genetic and species |
| genetic diversity | diversity within a species, each individual species possess genes which are the source of its own unique features |
| species diversity | number of species and abundance of each species that live in a location |
| how many chromosomes do humans have | 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 in total |
| relation of chromosomes, dna, and genes | chromosomes make up dna, dna make up genes |
| extinct (ex) | no known living individuals |
| extinct in the wild (ew) | known to survive only in captivity |
| critically endangered (en) | high risk of extinction in the wild |
| vulnerable (vu) | high risk of endangerment in the wild |
| near threatened (nt) | likely to become endangered soon |
| least concern (lc) | lowest risk |
| according to population reduction rate, vulnerable if | population has declined between 30-50 percent over 10 years or 3 generations of species (whichever is longer) |
| according to population reduction rate, endangered if | population has declined between 50-70 percent over 10 years or 3 generations of species (whichever is longer) |
| area of occupancy | where a specific population of that species resides (for breeding/nesting) |
| extent of occurrence | smallest area that could contain all sites of a species’ population |
| according to geographic range, vulnerable if | extent of occurrence is less than 20k sqkm or area of occupancy is less than 2k sqkm |
| according to geographic range, endangered if | extent of occurrence is less than 5k sqkm or area of occupancy is less than 500 sqkm |
| according to population size. vulnerable if | fewer than 10k mature individuals |
| according to population size, endangered if | fewer than 2.5k mature individuals |
| criteria for threatened species | population reduction rate, geographic range, population size, population restrictions, possibility for extinction |
| species richness | describes the number of different species present in an area |
| species eveness | describes the relative abundance of the difference species in an area |
| dominance | measures the degree/extent of occurrence of a species in an area |
| basic controls of a population's growth rate | birth rate, death rate, migration |
| population | totality of organisms of the same species occupying the same area at a particular time |
| demography | statistics of population change |
| characteristics of a population | population size, density, birth rate/natality, death rate/mortality |
| population density | # of individuals/km^2 |
| natural growth rate | birth rate - death rate |
| total growth rate | (birth rate + immigration) - death rate |
| population dispersion types | clumped, uniform, random |
| clumping | occurs when resources a species needs greatly varies from place to place, living in groups protects from predators, living in packs gets animals a better chance of getting a meal, and some species form temporary groups for mating and caring for the young |
| uniform spacing | indicative of interactions among individuals of populations. for plants, this occurs because of competition for water, sunlight, nutrients, or territory |
| random distribution | occurs when members of a species do not frequently interact with each other or are not heavily influenced by their surroundings |
| carrying capacity | the maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support in the long term |
| what limits carrying capacity | energy, water, oxygen, and space |
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