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Organic Test 1

TermDefinition
Ketone carbon-carbon(double to O)-carbon
Aldehyde C-carbonyl group-H
Carboxylic acid C-carbonyl group-OH
Alcohol C-OH
Ester C-carbonyl group-O-C
Alkane single bonds
Alkene Double bond
Alkyne Triple bond
Amine Sp3 N
Imine Sp2 N, with one bond being a double with a C
Nitrile Sp N (triple bond with C)
Amide C-carbonyl group-N
Meth 1
Eth 2
Prop 3
But 4
Pent 5
Hex 6
Hept 7
Oct 8
Non 9
Dec 10
Undec 11
Dodec 12
Primary Has one carbon bonded to it
Secondary Two carbons bonded to it
Teritary Three carbons bonded to it
Ring strain When a ring is not happy, something about the structure inc their E and makes them for unstable and reactive
Isopropyl R- - - CHCH3CH3
Sec-butyl R - - - CCH3CH3CH3, butyl group with bond at 2nd C
Tert-butyl Butyl group arranged as R - - C with 3 C's bonded to C (chicken foot)
Isobutyl R - - C-CHCH3CH3
Newman projection Sighted down C-C bond, circle way of drawing molecule.
Eclipse Where bonds are in line with each other (when drawn with Newman projection, may look slightly off so info isn't lost)
Gauche Where bonds of foreground and background are staggered (Molecules next to one another are 60 degrees apart)
Anti Where foreground is 180 degrees from background (one is upside down to the other. In molecule that is staggered, ones next to each other are gauche and opposite ones are this)
In chair formation, the _____ orientation is more stable than the ____. Equatorial, axial
Conformational isomers Exact same structure, but with an orientation difference. No name change.
Constitutional isomer Same elems in molecule, but connected differently so different substance. Different name
Chiral Nonsuperimposable mirror images, has enantiomers
Achiral Superimposable, has no R&S or enantiomer. Has line of symmetry
Stereocenter (chiral carbon) Carbon with 4 different substituents (things attached to it), used to assign R&S
R Right/clockwise spin of chiral carbon
S Left/counterclockwise spin of chiral carbon
Enantiomers Nonsuperimposable mirror image where all R&S orientations around chiral carbons of molecule flip
Diastereomers Nonsuperimposable but not mirror images. Broader than enantiomers, where any combination of R&S orientations flip without all of them doing it.
Stereoisomers Enantiomers or diastereomers
What should you do when you try to define a relationship between two molecules? Define R&S (if possible)
Equation for how many stereoisomers a molecule has: 2^n when n=number of chiral carbons
Meso Compounds with chiral carbons that are not chiral overall.
Fischer Projections horizontal lines proceed towards viewer and vertical away, with stereocenters being the intersection of them.
To make a enantiomer from a Fischer projection: Flip sections to other sides
A double bond makes something a _____ priority in R&S Higher
Arrhenius acid Compound that increases concentration of H+ in aq soln
Curved arrows Show where e- pairs go in chemical reactions
Keq [C][D]/[A][B]
Ka [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
Higher the pKa, the _____ the acid Weaker
What is the periodic trend for acidity? The easier something is to separate from H, higher the acidity. So higher the electronegativity, easier it is to separate (greater acidity). Also, the bigger the atom (down column), the easier to separate
The greater _____ structures of a molecule, the stronger the acid. Resonance
pKa of HF 3.2
pKa of HCl -7
pKa of HBr -8
pKa of HI -10
pKa of H2O 16
pKa of NH3 (ammonia) 38
pKa of ethane (sp3) 51
pKa of H2 35
pKa of ethene (sp2) 45
pKa of ethyne (sp) 25
pKa of benzoic acid 4.2
pKa of phenol 10
pKa of NH4+ 9
pKa of ammonium salts (CH3NH3+) 11
pKa of sulfuric acid -5
pKa of nitric acid -1.5
pKa of phosphoric acid 2
pKa of carboxylic acid 3.5-5
pKa of alcohols 15-17
Created by: RunningMads
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