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Pharmacology 1
Burns, IICP, SCI, TBI
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mannitol-Diuretic | - Reduction of ICP, IOP, and to promote diuresis. - Side effects: allergic reactions, seizures, electrolyte imbalances |
| Diazepam-Benzodiazepine | - Manage anxiety disorders; therapy for muscle spasms. - Drowsiness; dizziness; tiredness; muscle weakness; headache; dry mouth; nausea; constipation. - Monitor pulse, respiration, and BP during IV administration |
| Lorazepam-Benzodiazepine | - Sedation induction and reduce anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. - Tolerance, drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, blurred vision, muscle weakness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, constipation. - Monitor injection sites; monitor pulse, BP, respiration |
| Phenytoin-Anticonvulsant | - Treatment of tonic-clonic and partial seizures and status epilepticus -Headache, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, insomnia, nystagmus, N/V, constipation, tremor, gingival hyperplasia -Therapeutic range: 10-20 mcg/mL -Toxic level: >20 mcg/m |
| Famotidine-H2 blocker/Antiulcer | -To prevent and treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, pyrosis, dyspepsia, esophagitis, GERD -HA, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, agitation, insomnia, N/V, diarrhea, constipation, depression, rash, fatigue, arthralgia, muscle cramps, weakness |
| Pantoprazole-Proton-pump Inhibitor | -Treat duodenal ulcers, GERD, H. Pylori infection -HA, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, N/V, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, edema, vitamin b12 deficiency |
| Methylprednisolone-Corticosteroid | -Asthma, MS, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent -Black tarry stools, bloating, blurred vision, bone pain, fluid retention, dizziness, headache, mild muscle pain/weakness |
| Aspirin-Analgesic: Anti-inflammatory drug | -Reduce pain, inflammation, fever -Dizziness, HA, nausea, abdominal pain, anorexia, confusion, diaphoresis, agitation, lethargy, gastritis, vomiting, pruritus -Reye syndrome; Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| Clopidogrel-Antiplatelet | -Prevent thromboembolism associated with unstable angina, AMI, stroke, and TIA -Abdominal pain, dizziness, confusion, epistaxis, headaches, hematoma, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation, purpura, peripheral edema, rash, pruritus |
| Dipyridamole-Antiplatelet | -Prevention of thromboembolism associated with prosthetic heart valves -Dizziness, HA, nausea, abdominal pain, dyspnea, flushing, chest pain |
| Warfarin-Anticoagulant | -Prevention of MI, stroke, unstable angina, DVT, PE, ischemic stroke; to treat atrial fibrillation -HA, alopecia, fever, weakness, priapism, petechiae, ecchymosis -Monitor CBC, PT/INR, PTT, and pulses -Therapeutic range: 2.0-3.0 |
| Heparin-Anticoagulant | -Prevent PE, MI, unstable angina; treat DVT, DIC, and acute coronary syndrome -Itching, chills, HA, epistaxis, erythema, hematoma, hematemesis, hematuria, alopecia, N/V -Monitor CBC, PT, INR, PTT |
| Enoxaparin-Anticoagulant: Low-Molecular-Weight-Heparin | -DVT and PE treatment; prophylaxis of AMI, thrombosis, and unstable angina -Bleeding, hematoma, fever, anemia, peripheral edema, and elevated liver enzymes -Monitor CBC, PT, INR, PTT |
| Alteplase-Thrombolytic Agent | -Promote fibrinolysis in pts with AMI, PE, ischemic stroke -Epistaxis, infection, ecchymosis, N/V, rash |
| Hydralazine hydrochloride-Vasodilator | -HTN, hypertensive urgency/emergency, preeclampsia and eclampsia -HA, anorexia, N/V, diarrhea, reflex tachycardia, edema, paresthesia, nasal congestion, lupus-like symptoms, hypotension, angina, palpitations -Closely monitor vital signs |
| Labetalol-Beta-Blocker | -HTN -Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, hyperhidrosis, fatigue, nasal congestion, paresthesia, nausea, and depression |
| Hydrocodone-Opioid Analgesic | -Moderate to severe pain -HA, anxiety, dyspepsia, N/V, abdominal pain, constipation, arthralgia, dehydration, peripheral edema, flushing, infection -Monitor vital signs |
| Morphine-Opioid Analgesic | -Moderate to severe pain -N/V, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, agitation, anxiety, euphoria, blurred vision -Monitor vital signs |
| Dilaudid-Opioid Analgesic | -Moderate to severe pain -dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, HA, abdominal pain, N/V, constipation, diarrhea, weakness, peripheral edema, arthralgia -Monitor vital signs |
| Silver Sulfadiazine-Topical Sulfa Antibiotic | -Prevent and treat infection of 2nd and 3rd degree burns -Photosensitivity, skin discoloration, burning sensation, rashes, erythema multiforme, skin necrosis, leukopenia -Advise use of sunscreen while using medication |
| Bacitracin-Polypeptide Antibiotic | -Inhibits most Gram-negative and positive bacteria; skin infections, eye infections -Skin redness and rash, N/V, injection site pain -Monitor renal function- BUN and Creatinine |
| Penicillin-Beta-lactam Antibiotic | -Treat otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis, and skin, resp, and urinary tract infections -N/V, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dysphagia, rash, HA, dizziness, anxiety, confusion, candidiasis, crystalluria, dermatitis -Monitor BUN, creatinine, allergic reacti |
| Erythromycin-Macrolide Antibiotic | -Treat impetigo, tonsillitis, urethritis, STIs, PID, diphtheria, pertussis, and resp, GI, and skin infections -Dry skin, super infection, anorexia, pruritus, erythema, phlebitis, jaundice, elevated hepatic enzymes, N/V, diarrhea, abdominal pain |
| Gentamicin-Aminoglycoside | -Treat endocarditis, meningitis, bacteremia, sepsis, and respiratory, intraabdominal, bone/joint, skin, and UTI -N/V, rash, pruritus, HA, dizziness, confusion, tinnitus, weakness, arthralgia, injection site reaction, agitation -Monitor renal/hepatic |
| Collagenase-Topical debriding agent | -Remove damaged tissue from chronic skin ulcers/severely burned areas -Faint or light headedness, skin infection, severe back pain, allergic reaction -Monitor for hypersensitivity |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| Contralateral | Affecting the opposite side |
| Ipsilateral | Affecting the same side |
| Ptosis | Drooping of the upper eyelid |
| Nystagmus | Eyes make rapid, repetitive, uncontrolled movements |
| Homonymous hemianopsia | Sees only one side |
| Dysarthria | Slurred speech |
| Anomia | deficit of expressive language- inability to name nouns, verbs, etc. and applies to writing as well as speaking |
| Apraxia | neurological motor planning disorder- difficulty making precise movements with arm or leg- becomes impossible to button a shirt or tie a shoe |
| Agnosia | inability to process sensory information- a person who knows what a cat is and can see that there's a cat in the room, but can't tell that it's a cat by looking at it. |
| Alexia | inability to read |
| Agraphia | inability to write |
| Acalculia | loss of ability to perform simple calculations |
| Frontal lobe injury | changes or deficiencies with personality |
| Temporal lobe injury | changes with smelling or hearing |
| Parietal lobe injury | changes with tasting and reading |
| Occipital lobe injury | changes in vision |
| Brainstem | Responsible for heart rate and respiratory rate; outcomes are not good when traumatic injury occurs |
| The most important variable to assess with any brain injury | Level of consciousness |
| Epidural Hematoma | arterial bleed into the space between the dura and inner scull (fracture of the temporal bone); intervals between conscious and unconscious; fast |
| Subdural hematoma | venous bleed into the space beneath dura right above arachnoid; occurs slower than epidural hematoma and often fatal |
| Hyperflexion | sudden and forceful acceleration of the head forward; often the result of a head on motor vehicle collision |
| Hyperextension | Head is suddenly accelerated and decelerated; most often in vehicle is struck from behind |
| First action in Autonomic dysreflexia | Sit the patient with high BP up or raise the head of the bed immediately to help reduce the blood pressure |
| Cervical SCI | Airway management is priority |
| Neurogenic Shock | -Atropine Sulfate for bradycardia if pulse rate <50-60 BPM -Monitor for SpO2 < 95%, reduced LOC, hypotension with systolic BP < 90 or MAP < 65 |
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Diuretic Hormone | -Water is retained and dilutes blood sodium levels which causes hyponatremia -S/S: weakness, muscle cramps, loss of appetite, fatigue |
| Diabetes Insipidus | -Water is lost and leads to dehydration and disturbed fluid and electrolyte balance -S/S: hypotension, tachycardia, weak pulse, increased urine output, poor turgor, dry mucous membranes, decreased cognition |
| Curling's Ulcer | Stress ulcer found predominantly in burn patients-most common symptom is bleeding in the upper GI tract- treat with PPIs |
| Prevention of autocontamination | -Debride and clean infected wound first -Dispose of dirty supplies; wash hands and reglove -Clean uninfected wound last |
| Resuscitation phase | 24-48 hours until diuresis occurs; priorities are circulation and fluid replacement |
| Acute phase | 36-48 hours after injury occurs until wound closure; priority is infection control; sepsis is high risk |
| Neurologic Assessment | LOC; vital signs; pupillary response to light; strength; pain and touch sense |
| Normal intracranial pressure | 7-10 mm Hg |
Created by:
olivia.lindsay
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