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1
Roots, prefixes, suffixes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| -ia | condition of |
| -ism | condition of |
| -sis | condition of |
| -y | condition of |
| -ac | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -al | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -ar | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -ary | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -form | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -ic | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -ical | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -ile | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -oid | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -ory | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -ous | pertaining to, like, resembling |
| -ian | specialist in a field of study |
| -ist | specialist in a field of study |
| -iatrics | medical specialty |
| -iatry | medical specialty |
| -ics | medical specialty |
| -logy | study of |
| singular -a, plural ? | -ae |
| singular -en, plural ? | -ina |
| singular -ex -ix -yx, plural ? | -ices |
| singular -is, plural ? | -es |
| singular -ma, plural ? | -mata |
| singular -nx -anx -inx -ynx, plural ? | -nges |
| singular -on, plural ? | -a |
| singular -um, plural ? | -a |
| singular -us, plural ? | -i |
| prim/i- | first |
| mon/o- | one |
| uni- | one |
| hemi- | half |
| semi- | half |
| bi- | two |
| di- | two |
| dipl/o- | double |
| tri- | three |
| quadr/i- | four |
| tetra- | four |
| multi- | many |
| poly- | many |
| cyan/o- | blue |
| erythr/o- | red |
| leuk/o- | white, colorless |
| melan/o- | black, dark |
| xanth/o- | yellow |
| a- & an- | not, without, lack of, absence |
| anti- | against |
| contra- | against, opposite |
| de- | down, without, removal, loss |
| dis- | absence, removal, separation |
| in- & im- | not |
| non- | not |
| un- | not |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward, near |
| dia- | through |
| per- | through |
| trans- | through |
| hyper- | increased, excess |
| hypo- | decreased, below |
| ogli/o- | few |
| pan- | all |
| super- | above, excess |
| equi- | equal, same |
| eu- | true, good, easy, normal |
| hetero- | other, different, unequal |
| homo- & homeo- | same, unchanging |
| iso- | equal, same |
| macro- | large, abnormally large |
| mega- & megal/o- | large, abnormally large |
| micro- | small |
| neo- | new |
| normo- | normal |
| ortho- | straight, upright, correct |
| poikilo- | varried, irregular |
| pseudo- | fake, false |
| re- | again, back |
| ante- | before |
| pre- | before, in front of |
| pro- | before, in front of |
| post- | after, behind |
| dextr/o- | right |
| sinistr/o- | left |
| ec- & ecto- | out, outside |
| ex- & exo- | away from, outside |
| end/o- | in, within |
| mes/o- | middle |
| syn- & sym- | together |
| tel/e- & tel/o- | end, far, at a distance |
| morph/o | form |
| cyt/o | cell |
| -cyte | cell |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| hist/o | tissue |
| histi/o | tissue |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| reticul/o | network |
| adne/o | gland |
| papill/o | nipple |
| myx/o | mucus |
| muc/o | mucus; mucous membrane |
| somat/o | body; small body |
| -some | body; small body |
| blast/o | immature or embryonic cell |
| blast | immature or embryonic cell |
| gen | origin; formation |
| phag/o | eat; ingest |
| phil | attract; absorb |
| plas | formation; molding; development |
| trop | act on; affect |
| troph/o | feeding; growth; nourishment |
| -ase | enzyme |
| -ose | sugar |
| hydr/o | water; fluid |
| gluc/o | glucose |
| glyc/o | sugar; glucose |
| sacchar/o | sugar |
| amyl/o | starch |
| lip/o | lipid; fat |
| adip/o | fat |
| steat/o | fatty |
| proteo/o | protein |
| cephal/o | head |
| cervic/o | neck |
| thorac/o | chest; thorax |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| celi/o | abdomen |
| lapar/o | abdominal wall |
| lumb/o | lumbar region; lower back |
| periton | peritoneum |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| acro | extremity; end |
| brachi/o | arm |
| dactyl/o | finger; toe |
| ped/o | foot |
| pod/o | foot |
| circum- | around |
| peri- | around |
| intra- | in; within |
| epi- | on; over |
| extra- | outside |
| infra- | below |
| sub- | below; under |
| inter- | between |
| juxta- | near; beside |
| para- | near; beside |
| retro- | behind; backwards |
| supra- | above |
| alg/o | pain |
| algi/o | pain |
| algesi/o | pain |
| carcin/o | cancer; carcinoma |
| cyst/o | filled sac or pouch; bladder |
| lith | calculus; stone |
| onc/o | tumor |
| path/o | disease |
| py/o | pus |
| pyr/o | fever; fire |
| pyret/o | fever; fire |
| scler/o | hard |
| tox/o | poison; toxin |
| toxic/o | poison; toxin |
| brady- | slow |
| dys- | abnormal, painful, difficult |
| mal- | bad; poor |
| pachy- | thick |
| tachy- | rapid |
| xero- | dry |
| -algia | pain |
| -algesia | pain |
| -cele | hernia |
| -clasis | breaking |
| -clasia | breaking |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -megaly | enlargment |
| -odynia | pain |
| -oma | tumor |
| -pathy | any disease of |
| -rhage | bursting forth; profuse flow |
| -rhagia | bursting forth; profuse flow |
| -rhea | flow; discharge |
| -rhexis | rupture |
| -schisis | fissure; splitting |
| -dilation | expansion; widening |
| -dilatation | expansion; widening |
| -ectasia | dilation; dilatation; distension |
| -ectasis | dilation; dilatation; distension |
| -edema | accumulation of fluid; swelling |
| -lysis | separation; loosening; dissolving; destruction |
| -malacia | softening |
| -necrosis | death of tissue |
| -ptosis | dropping; downward displacement; prolapse |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| -spasm | sudden contraction; cramp |
| -stasis | suppression; stoppage |
| -stenosis | narrowing; constriction |
| -toxin | poison |
| staphylo- | grape-like cluster |
| strepto- | chain |
| bacill/i | bacillus |
| bacill/o | bacillus |
| bacteri/o | bacterium |
| myc/o | fungus; mold |
| vir/o | virus |
| aer/o | air; gas |
| bar/o | pressure |
| chrom/o | color; stain |
| chromat/o | color; stain |
| chron/o | time |
| cry/o | cold |
| electr/o | electricity |
| erg/o | work |
| phon/o | sound; voice |
| phot/o | light |
| radi/o | radiation; x-ray |
| son/o | sound |
| therm/o | heat; temperature |
| -graph | instrument for recording data |
| -graphy | act of recording data |
| -gram | record of data |
| -meter | instrument for measuring |
| -metry | measurement of |
| -scope | instrument for viewing or examining |
| -scopy | examination of |
| -centesis | puncture; tap |
| -desis | binding; fusion |
| -ectomy | excision; surgical removal |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| -plasty | plastic repair or surgery; reconstruction |
| -rhaphy | surgical repair; suture |
| -stomy | surgical creation of an opening |
| -tome | instrument for incision or cutting |
| -tomy | incision; cutting |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| -lytic | dissolving; reduction; loosening |
| -mimetic | mimicking; simulating |
| -tropic | acting on |
| anti- | against |
| contra- | against; opposite; opposed |
| counter- | against; opposed |
| chem/o | chemical |
| hypn/o | sleep |
| narc/o | stupor |
| pharm | drug; medicine |
| pharmac/o | drug; medicine |
| vas/o | vessel |
| derm/o | skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| kerat/o | keratin; horny layer of skin |
| melan/o | dark; black; melanin |
| hidr/o | sweat; perspiration |
| seb/o | sebum; sebaceous gland |
| trich/o | hair |
| onych/o | nail |
| oste/o | bone |
| myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| arthr/o | joint |
| synov/i | synovial fluid, joint, or membrane |
| burs/o | bursa |
| crani/o | skull; cranium |
| spondyl/o | vertabra |
| vertabr/o | vertabra; spinal column |
| rachi/o | spine |
| cost/o | rib |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| coccy | coccyx |
| coccyg/o | coccyx |
| pelvi/o | pelvis |
| ili/o | ilium |
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