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Unit 1

Foundations of Government

QuestionAnswer
Compromise Pillar of Democracy - Public decision making must be a matter of give and take among competing interests within a nation.
Citizenship Responsibilities Actions which citizens of a nation are encouraged to do - Voting in elections.
Citizenship Duties Actions which citizens of a nation are legally required to fulfill - Serving jury duty, serving as a witness, attending school, paying taxes, obeying laws, registering for the draft.
Oligarchy A government where unlimited power is held by a small group of powerful people.
Theocracy A government where unlimited power is held by religious leaders.
Dictatorship A government in which one person or group holds power without limitations.
Absolute Monarchy A government in which a hereditary ruler possesses unlimited power.
Constitutional Monarchy A government in which a hereditary ruler's power is limited by a constitution.
Direct Democracy A government in which the people of a nation directly vote to make decisions for all.
Representative Democracy A government in which the people of a nation elect representatives to make decisions for all.
Communism A command economy that seeks a classless society where property, labor, and production are collectively shared according to public needs.
Socialism A command economy where the means of production - resources, factories, and goods are collectively owned and directed by the state.
Market Economy (Capitalism) System in which people own property - Goods, production, and distribution are determined by supply and demand.
Command Economy System in which government owns property - Goods, production, and distribution are determined government officials.
Unitary System When power in a nation is held by a central or national government.
Confederal system When power in a nation is held by state or local governments.
Mixed Economy System in which people and government own property - Goods, production, and distribution are determined by supply and demand as well as government.
Federal System When power in a nation is shared between a central or national government and state or local governments.
Traditional Economy Goods, production, and distribution determined by time honored beliefs, customs, and culture.
Constitution A written plan of government.
Autocracy A government in which one person holds unlimited power.
Presidential System A representative democracy where people directly elect a chief executive.
Parliamentary System A representative democracy where a chief executive is picked by the majority party in power.
Majority Rule Pillar of Democracy - Political decisions are made by a vote of more than half of all persons who participate in an election.
Minority Rights Pillar of Democracy - The few enjoy guaranteed basic human rights that those in power cannot remove.
Government The system of people, laws, and institutions which hold the power to manage a nation, state, or community.
Economy The system by which goods and services are produced and distributed within a country or region.
Functions of Government Maintain law and order - Collect revenue - Provide public services - protect citizens - protect property.
Pillars of Democracy Freedom of the individual - Equality under law - Majority rule - Minority rights - Compromise - Citizenship.
Democracy A government in which power is held by people and is expressed through voting.
Monarchy A government win which a hereditary ruler hold power for a life tenure.
Citizenship Pillar of Democracy - The relationship between a person and the country they owe allegiance to.
Freedom of the Individual Pillar of Democracy - People possess specific inalienable rights - life, liberty, and property - outside the influence of a government.
Equality Under Law Pillar of Democracy - People have equal protection of the law regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, or political affiliation.
Created by: MHSGovernment
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