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Anatomy flashcards
Study guide for all systems in the body
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hyperglycemia | Medical condition characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. |
| Insulin | A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar (glucose) levels in the body. |
| Epinephrine | A hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a vital role in the body's "fight or flight" response to stress or danger. |
| Corticosteroid | A class of hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands and play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in the body. |
| Ketosis | A metabolic state in which the body primarily uses fat for energy due to a lack of available carbohydrates. |
| Anemia | A medical condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or a decreased ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. |
| Phlebotomy | The medical procedure of drawing blood from a patient's veins for diagnostic testing, medical treatments, or blood donation. |
| Hematology | The branch of medical science that focuses on the study of blood and blood-forming tissues. |
| Antibody | Also known as an immunoglobulin, is a protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances called antigens. |
| Embolism | A medical condition in which a solid, liquid, or gas foreign substance (known as an embolus) becomes lodged in a blood vessel and obstructs blood flow. |
| Atrium | A chamber or cavity within the heart that receives blood returning from the body or lungs. |
| Capillaries | Capillaries are the smallest and thinnest blood vessels in the human body. |
| Vasodilator | A substance or medication that causes the blood vessels to relax and widen, leading to an increase in the diameter of the blood vessels. |
| Hemorrhage | A medical term used to describe excessive or uncontrolled bleeding from blood vessels. |
| Septoplasty | A surgical procedure performed to correct a deviated nasal septum. |
| Osteopathy | A form of complementary or alternative medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of medical conditions by manipulating the musculoskeletal system. |
| Cararpal | Related to the carpus, which is the collective term for the eight small bones in the wrist. |
| Cartilage | A tough, flexible, and rubbery connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as joints, the nose, ears, and between certain bones. |
| Tendinitis | Also known as tendonitis, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of a tendon, which is the fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones. |
| Fasciitis | Inflammation of the fascia, which is a thin band of connective tissue that surrounds muscles, organs, and other structures in the body. |
| Lobotomy | Also known as leucotomy, is a surgical procedure that involves the removal or disconnection of certain brain tissues, particularly the frontal lobes, in an attempt to treat mental disorders or alleviate severe psychiatric symptoms. |
| Epidural | A medical procedure involving the administration of medication into the epidural space of the spine. |
| Neuropathy | A medical term that refers to damage or dysfunction of the nerves, often causing pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or other sensory or motor abnormalities. |
| Aphasia | A communication disorder that impairs a person's ability to understand, express, or produce language. |
| Myospasm | A sudden, involuntary contraction or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles. This contraction is typically brief and can cause a visible or palpable movement in the affected area. |
| Keratitus | The inflammation of the cornea, which is the clear front surface of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil. |
| Cornea | The transparent, curved front surface of the eye that covers the iris (colored part of the eye) and the pupil. |
| Aural | Anything related to the ears or the sense of hearing. It pertains to auditory experiences, sounds, or information perceived through the ears. |
| Scotopia | Refers to the ability to see in low-light conditions or darkness. |
| Astigmatism | A common refractive error of the eye that causes blurred or distorted vision. |
| Laryngitis | The inflammation of the larynx, which is the voice box located in the throat. |
| Pneumonia | A lung infection that can be caused by various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. |
| Thoracic | Refers to anything related to the thorax, which is the chest area of the body between the neck and the abdomen. |
| Hypoxia | A condition characterized by a deficiency of oxygen reaching body tissues or organs. |
| Apnea | A medical term that refers to the temporary cessation or pause of breathing. It can occur during sleep (sleep apnea) or while awake. |
| Hepatitis | An inflammatory condition of the liver that can be caused by viruses, alcohol, toxins, medications, autoimmune disorders, or other factors. |
| Gastritis | Is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach. |
| Colitis | The inflammation of the colon (large intestine). |
| Proctology | A branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the anus, rectum, and colon. |
| Stomatitis | The inflammation of the mucous lining inside the mouth, including the cheeks, gums, tongue, and lips. |
| Urology | A medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disorders related to the urinary system and male reproductive system. |
| Nephritis | The inflammation of the kidneys, which can be caused by various factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, medications, and certain medical conditions. |
| Cystitis | The inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by bacterial infection. It is a common type of urinary tract infection (UTI). |
| Meatoscopic | A procedure or examination involving a meatus. |
| Hematuria | A medical term that refers to the presence of blood in the urine |
| Prostate | A small gland located just below the bladder in males. |
| Aspermia | A medical condition characterized by the absence or lack of semen during ejaculation. |
| Nocturia | A medical term that refers to the frequent need to urinate during the night, disrupting sleep patterns. |
| Priapism | A medical condition characterized by a prolonged and painful erection of the penis that lasts for an extended period of time, often more than four hours, without sexual arousal or stimulation. |
| Urinalysis | A diagnostic test that involves analyzing a urine sample to assess various aspects of a person's health. |
| Perineoplasty | Surgical procedure aimed at repairing or reconstructing the perineum, which is the area of tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus in females. |
| Lactation | The process of producing and secreting milk from the mammary glands of the breasts. |
| Amniotic Fluid | A clear, watery fluid that surrounds and cushions the developing fetus within the amniotic sac during pregnancy. |
| Mastalgia | A medical term that refers to pain, discomfort, or tenderness in the breasts. |
| Amastia | A congenital condition characterized by the complete absence of breast tissue in individuals who would typically develop breasts during puberty. |
| Peristalsis | Peristalsis is a coordinated, rhythmic muscular contraction and relaxation that propels food and digestive contents through the digestive tract. |
| Colonoscopy | Colonoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the examination of the large intestine (colon) using a flexible, lighted tube with a camera on its end called a colonoscope. |
| Pancreatitis | Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, an organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin. |
| Villus | Villi are small, finger-like projections in the lining of the small intestine. |
| Hepatitis | Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections (such as hepatitis A, B, or C), alcohol consumption, or certain medications. |
| Prostatitis | Prostatitis is the inflammation of the prostate gland, which can cause pain, urinary symptoms, and discomfort |
| Spermatogenesis | Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are produced in the testes through a series of cell divisions and maturation stages |
| Epididymis | The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the back of each testicle where sperm mature and are stored before being ejaculated. |
| Orchiectomy | Orchiectomy is the surgical removal of one or both testicles, usually done to treat testicular cancer or gender-affirming surgery. |
| Vasectomy | Vasectomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting or blocking the vas deferens to prevent the release of sperm during ejaculation, providing a permanent form of contraception. |
| Hysterectomy | A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed. It may be performed for various reasons, including uterine fibroids, endometriosis, or cancer. |
| Colostrum | Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mother's breasts in the days following childbirth. |
| Neonatology | Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that focuses on the care of newborn infants, particularly those who are premature or have medical complications. |
| Episiotomy | An episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the perineum (the area between the vagina and anus) to enlarge the vaginal opening during childbirth, often to facilitate delivery. |
| Obstetrics | Obstetrics is the branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, ensuring the health of both the mother and the baby. |
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