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1 Ch - Phy Sci M 1
Apologia Physical Science M 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
chemistry | the study of matter - its composition, structure, properties, and interactions |
matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
mass | measures how much matter exists in an object |
weight | measures how hard gravity pulls on an object |
Because mass measures how much matter is IN an object, it does NOT | depend on the gravity present. |
slug | English unit for mass |
Newton | metric unit for weight |
derived units | derived from math calculations with basic units that make up the metric system |
Units must be IDENTICAL when | adding or subtracting. |
Units do NOT have to be the same when | multiplying or dividing. |
1 cubic cm = | 1 mL |
The first rule of measuring with a ruler is you must start at the | 1. |
When making measurements, always make sure you know | what your scale is. |
Always estimate | one digit beyond the markings. The last digit of any measurement is an estimate. |
meniscus | the curved surface of a liquid |
When measuring a liquid, you must read the level of the liquid from | the bottom of the meniscus. |
Curiosity is the | basis of science. |
Science is | a system of knowledge and the process used to find that knowledge. |
technology | applied science |
physical science | deals with the study of non-living things |
physics | the study of matter and energy and how they interact through forces and motion |
observation | gathering information using senses or with the aid of instruments |
qualitative observations | observations made using one of the five senses |
quantitative observations | observations made with instruments such as rules, balances, etc., always has a number in them |
hypothesis | a possible, testable explanation for one or more observations |
controlled experiment | an investigation in which the factors that influence the outcome are kept the same except for one |
variable | a factor that changes in an experiment |
independent variable | manipulated variable, is intentionally changed or manipulated in an experimented |
dependent variable | the variable that responds to the changing variable |
Good science requires that | an experiment be repeatable. |
Some experiments are simply | observational experiments. |
scientific theory | a well-supported EXPLANATION of a range of phenomenon |
scientific law | a well supported DESCRIPTION of a natural phenomenon |
Science does NOT | prove anything, but is rather about collecting evidence. |
inferences | logical conclusion drawn from observations, previous knowledge, and available information |
scientific model | useful simplification used to make it easier to understand things that might be too difficult to directly observe |
SI | the modern metric system, the International System of Units (Systeme International d'Unites) |
kilo (k) | 1,000 |
centi (c) | one-hundredTH |
milli (m) | one-thousandTH |
gram | metric unit for mass |
meter | metric unit for length |
liter | metric unit for volume |
factor-label method | uses the multiplication of fractions to convert between units of measurement |
conversion factor | the relationship between two units; will always equal 1 |
All data tables need 3 parts: | a short, concise title, column labels, and row labels. |
Whenever we do experiments, it's a good idea to complete | multiple trials. |
Tables and graphs assist in the ability to | see patterns in data. |
Line graphs are the most commonly used graphs in science because | they can show even the smallest patterns or trends. |
Line graphs should only be used if the independent variable is | qualitative data. |
Always graph the independent (manipulated) variable on the | x-axis (horizontal axis). |
Always graph the dependent (responding) variable on the | y-axis (vertical axis). |
NO RELATIONSHIP is indicated when | the independent variable changes but the dependent variable does not - OR - the dependent variable changes even when the independent variable does not |
A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP is indicated when an increase in the independent variable also | causes an increase in the dependent variable. |
An INVERSE RELATIONSHIP occurs when | an increase in the independent variable is associated with a decrease in the dependent variable. |