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National Security
Chapter 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Foreign Policy | Policy that involves choice taking about relations with the rest of the world. The president is the chief initiator of U.S. foreign policy. |
| United Nations (UN) | Created in 1945 and currently including 193 member nations, with a central peacekeeping mission and programs in areas including economic development and health, education, and welfare. The seat of real power in the UN is the Security Council. |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | A regional organization that was created in 1949 by nations including the US, Canada, and most Western European nations for mutual defense and has subsequently been expanded |
| European Union (EU) | a transnational government composed of most European countries, that coordinates monetary, trade, immigration, and labor policies for their mutual benefit. |
| Secretary of State | The head of the Department of State and traditionally a key adviser to the president on foreign policy |
| Secretary of Defense | The head of the Department of Defense and the president's key adviser on military policy and, as such, a key foreign policy actor. |
| Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) | a group that consists of the commanding officers of the armed services, a chairperson, a vice chair person, and advises the president on military policy. |
| Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) | An agency created after World War II to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad. It became involved in intrigue, conspiracy, and meddling as well. |
| Isolationalism | The foreign policy course the United States followed throughout most of its history whereby it tried to stay out of other nations' conflicts, particularly European wars. |
| Containment Doctrine | A foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the United States to isolate the Soviet Union, "contain" its advances, and resist its encroachments by peaceful means if possible, but by force if necessary. |
| Cold War (1945-1991) | hostility between the US and the Soviet Union, often brought them to the brink of war and spanned the period from the end of the World War II until the collapse of the Soviet Union and Eastern European communist regimes in 1989 and the years following. |
| Arms Race | A tense relationship beginning in the 1950s between the Soviet Union and the United States whereby one side's weaponry became the other side's goad to procure more weaponry, and so on. |
| Detente | A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon in the 1970's. |
| Nuclear Proliferation | the spread of nuclear weapons production technology and knowledge to nations without that capability |
| Interdependence | Mutual reliance between two or more groups, in government context nations reverberate and affect the economic well-being of people in other nations. |
| Tariff | A tax on imported goods |
| balance of trade | the difference in value between a country's imports and exports. |
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | an economic organization consisting primarily of Middle Eastern nations that seeks to control the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations and hence the price of oil. |
Created by:
Mrs. Kaminski
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