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SPI
Ultrasound Physics Cohort Sep 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is described as the ability of an object to resist compression and relates to the hardness of a medium? -stiffness -density -pressure -inertia | Stiffness |
| An increase in PRF would lead to: -an increase in DF -a decrease in PD -an increase in the number of cycles -a decrease in resolution | An increase in DF |
| Which of the following would have the highest propagation speed? -air -bone -soft tissue -water | Bone |
| Which of the following would have the lowest propagation speed? -water -soft tissue -bone -lung tussue | Lung tissue |
| As imaging depth increases, the PRF must: | Decrease |
| What describes the amount of refraction that occurs at the interface? | Snell's law |
| Pressure is typically expressed in: | Pascals |
| The typical range of frequency for diagnostic ultrasound imaging is" | 1 to 20 MHz |
| The attenuation coefficient in soft tissue is equal to: | One-half of the operating frequency |
| Micro denotes: | Millionth |
| What described as the distance over which one cycles occurs? | Wavelength |
| What requires an oblique interface and propagation speed mismatch? | Refraction |
| Areas of high pressure and density are referred to as: | Compressions |
| SPL can be calculated by | Multiplying the number of cycles by the wavelength |
| Density is typically measured in: | Kilograms per centimeter cubed |
| As a sound wave travels through the human body, the intensity of the sound wave decreases as a result of: | Attenuation |
| What is the total amount of attenuation the occurs in a 6.0 MHz sound beam travels through 4 cm of soft tissue? | 12dB |
| As imaging depth increases, PRP: | Increases |
| What are the units of DF: | Unitless |
| The percentage of time that the ultrasound system is producing pulses of ultrasound describes the: | DF |
| Density and propagation speed are: | Inversely related |
| All of the following are true of power except: -as amplitude increases, power remains the same -power is proportional to amplitude squared -intensity is proportional to power -power is measured in milliwatts | As amplitude increases, power remains the same |
| Wavelength is equal to? | it is equal to the period divided by the frequency |
| What is determined by the sound source and medium? | Wavelength |
| What is defined as the number of ultrasound pulses emitted in 1 second? | PRF |
| What is defined as only active time? | PD |
| The inertia of the medium describes its: | Density |
| Which of the following determines by the sound source only? -frequency -wavelength -SPL -propagation speed | Frequency |
| The prefix "centi" denotes: | Hundredths |
| If the angle of incidence is 40°, what is the angle of transmission at the interface if medium 1 has a propagation speed of 1320 m/s and medium 2 has a propagation speed of 1700 m/s? | >40° |
| The change in direction of the original sound wave that occurs when sound interacts with two different tissue types that have a different propagation speed is referred to as: | Refraction |
| What unit measurement propagation speed? | millimeters per microsecond (mm/μs) |
| The major component of attenuation is: | Absorption |
| In clinical imaging, the wavelength typically measured between: | 0.1 to 0.8mm |
| The DF for CW ultrasound is: | 100% |
| All of the following relate to the strength of the sound wave except: -amplitude -wavelength -intensity -Power | Wavelength |
| What is the chance in intensity if the power decreases by half? | Intensity if halved |
| Damping of the sound beam: | Reduces the SPL |
| Adding damping to the transducer improves which type of resolution | Axial resolution |
| What time is defined as the beginning of the one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse and, therefore, includes both the "on" and "off" time? | PRP |
| What are the units for pressure? | Pascals or pounds per square inch |
| What term is defined as "the power of a wave divided by the area over which the power is distributed"? | Intensity |
| Transducers have material within them that, when electronically stimulated, produces ultrasound waves. This is most likely some form of: | Lead zirconate titanate |
| What is the change in power if the amplitude triples? | It increases 9 times |
| The portion of the sound beam where the molecules are farther apart describes an area of | Rarefraction |
| If only the density of a medium is increase, then the: | Propagation speed will decrease |
| Sound is technically a: | Mechanical and longitudinal wave |
| The maximum value or minimum value of an acoustic variable minus the equilibrium value of that variable describes the: | Amplitude |
| Which of the following would be considered ultrasonic? -10Hz -18kHz -0.5MHz -200Hz | 0.5 Mhz |
| Which of the following is considered the speed of the sound in soft tissue? -1.54m/s -0.77m/s -100mW/cm2 -1540 m/s | 1540m/s |
| Which of the following would be considered the narrowest part of a sound beam? -far zone -near zone -fresnel zone focal zone | Focal zone |
| Which of the following is the part of the transducer that stops the ringing of the element? -matching layer -housing -damping material -insulator | Damping material |
| Along with image depth, which of the following also determines the frame rate? -axial resolution -damping -number of lines per frame -lateral resolution | Number of lines per frame |
| Which type of resolution is an accurate representation of moving structures? | Temporal resolution |
| If the depth is increase and the frame rate is unchanged, what else must have decreased? | The number of lines per frame |
| Which of the following transducers can be described as having the scan lines originate from a common point of origin? -sector array -vector array -curvilinear array -linear sequenced array | Sector array |
| Which of the following is not a true statement about a mechanical transducer? | There are not moving parts |
| Along with crystal diameter (aperture), the divergence in the far field is also determined by which of the following? -spatial pulse length -frequency -propagation speed -line density | Frequency |
| Which of the following would cause a decrease in temporal resolution? -increased line density -decreased sector size -single transmit zone -increased PRF | Increased line density |
| Which of the following would cause an increase in frame rate? -multi focusing -increased line density -increased imaging depth increased PRF | Increased PRF |
| Which of the following is true of the diameter of the sound beam in the Fresnel zone? -increases w/ distance from the transducer -decreases w/ distance from the transducer -does not change w/ distance from the transducer -it is unpredictable | It increases with distance from the transducer |
| Which resolution typically has the lowest number in clinical imaging? | Longitudinal |
| Which of the following would most likely increase the near zone length? -large crystal diameter, low frequency -small crystal diameter, low frequency -large crystal diameter, high frequency -small crystal diameter, high frequency | Large crystal diameter, high. frequency |
| Which of the following would most likely to decrease beam divergence in the far field? -large crystal diameter, low frequency -small crystal diameter, low frequency -large crystal diameter, high frequency -small crystal diameter, high frequency | Large crystal diameter, high. frequency |
| Imaging transducers typically have: | Low quality factors, wide bandwidths |
| Damping material produces all of the following except: -decrease sensitivity -increase SPL -wide bandwidths -low quality factors | Increased SPL |
| Which of the following electrical patterns produces electronic focusing of the ultrasound beam? -curved -sloped -spiral -circular | Curved |
| In an unfocused, single element transducer, the width at the focal point of the sound beam measures how much compared to the beam width ath the face of the transducer? | One-half |
| Which of the following facilitates the transmission of the sound from the element into the patient's skin? -damping material -matching layer -tungsten covering -focusing material | Matching layer |
| Which of the following describes the range of frequencies present within the beam? -matching layer -bandwidth -array -wavefront | Bandwidth |
| Which type on interface result in a higher amplitude sound wave? | Constructive interference |
| Which of the following will not affect temporal resolution? -line density -image depth -spatial pulse length -number of focal zones | Spatial pulse length |
| Which of the following best describes the components of the damping material? -epoxy resin loaded with tungsten -resin made with leaf zirconate titanate -polyvynylidene fluoride -tungsten impregnated with lead | Epoxy resin loaded with tungsten |
| Which of the following is not true of the linear sequenced array transducer? -rectangular shape image -firing is sequential -electronically focused -the elements are arranged in a ring | The elements are arranged in a ring |
| Which of the following is not a true statement? -lateral resolution varies with depth -a larger aperture results in a shorter near zone length | A larger aperture results in a shorter near zone length |
| Which of the following is not true of damping? -damping decreases the number of cycles in a pulse -damping decreases spatial pulse length -damping worsens axial resolution -damping decreases the sensitivity of the transducer | damping worsens axial resolution |
| Which of the following is not synonym for axial resolution? -angular -range -depth -radial | Angular |
| Temporal resolution relates to which of the following? -lateral resolution -frame rate -range ambiguity -element diameter | Frame rate |
| Which of the following may also be referred to the far zone? -frame zone -fresnel zone -fraunhofer zone -frankincense zone | Fraunhofer zone |
| What states that waves are the result of the result of the interference of many. wavelets produced at the face of the transducer? | Huygen's principle |
| Which of the following is the resolution in the 3rd dimension of the beam? -lateral resolution -elevational resolution -contrast resolution -longitudinal resolution | Elevational resolution |
| What happens with frequency and near zone length, assuming a single element, unfocused transducer? | The higher the frequency, the longer the near zone length |
| Which of the following is defined as changing the timing of the shocking of the elements in order to shape and steer beam? -angulation -focusing -phasing -bondling | Phasing |
| Which of the following is not a component of spatial resolution? -frame resolution -contrast resolution -axial resolution -elevational resolution | Frame resolution |
| Which transducer has no range resolution? -continuous wave transducers -curved sequenced array transducers -linear sequenced array transducers -phased array transducers | Continuous wave transducers |
| Which of the following transducers is also referred to as a sector or vector transducer? -linear sequential array -phased array -continuous waved array -curved sequential array transducer | Phased array |
| Which of the following shortens the length of the pulse by decreasing the number of cycles in the pulse? -matching material -piezoelectric element -backing material -PZT | Backing material |
| Which of the following produces a pie shaped image? -linear sequenced array -phased array -curved sequenced array -convex transducer | Phased array |
| The portion if the transducer that comes in contact with the patient is the: | Matching layer |
| What does heat sterilization do to an ultrasound transducer? | Kills pathogens and destroys the transducer |
| Which of the following is defined as the minimum distance 2 reflectors can be, parallel to the beam, and still appear on the screen as 2 dots? -range resolution -angular resolution -contrast resolution -transverse resolution | Range resolution |
| Which describes the result of destructive interference? -result wave is much larger than orig. wave -result wave is little larger than orig. wave -result wave is smaller than orig. wave -destructive interference doesn't occur w/ diagnostic imaging | result wave is smaller than original wave |
| To produce a transducer with a higher frequency one should: -use a thinner piezoelectric element -use a thicker piezoelectric element -use more damping -use less damping | Use a thinner piezoelectric element |
| What is not a characteristic of an unfocused single element transducer? | At the face of the transducer, the beam of the diameter is twice the size of the element thickness |
| Which of the following would be best utilized for imaging of deep structures in the abdomen? -endocavitary transducer -linear sequenced array transducer -curved sequenced array transducer -continuous wave transducer | Curved sequenced array transducer |
| Which of the following is not a method of creating 3D images? -broadband technologies -2D array technology -freehand technique -mechanical technique | Broadband technologies |
| What best describes the frame rate? | The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency divided by the lines per frame |
| Which of the followings is represented as time, or the ability to display structures in real time? -temporal resolution -axial resolution -longitudinal resolution -contrast resolution | Temporal resolution |
| How are ultrasound transducers typically sterilized? | Cold sterilization methods |
| Which of the following transducers is not used for imaging? -continuous wave transducers -curved sequenced array transducers -linear sequenced array transducers -phased array transducers | Continuous wave transducers |
| The output gain of the pulser determines the ______of the acoustic pulse. -frequency -intensity -duration -pulse repetition period | Intensity |
| What is the function of the receiver that changes the brightness of the echo amplitudes to adjust for attenuation with depth? | Compensation |
| Which of the following tasks is incorporated in the process of demodulation? -rejection -amplification -rectification & smoothing -receiving | Rectification and smoothing |
| What is the smallest element in a digital picture called? | The pixel |
| What is the name for the smallest amount of digital storage? | The bit |
| What receiver function converts the negative portion of the signal to positive? | Rectification |
| A video display that is limited to only black and white, with no other shades of gray, is called? | Bistable |
| What type of display uses backlight with no polarized filters to produce an image? | LCD |
| In tissue harmonic imaging, what frequency is used to produce the image? | Double the fundamental frequency |
| What backup system is used to protect the stored data on PACS? | RAID array |
| With 6 bits, what is the largest number of different shades of gray that can be stored? | 64 |
| In B-mode imaging, the stronger the return echo: | The brighter the dot on the display |
| What happens to a digital image when the pixel density is increased? | There is more spatial detail |
| You're using a transducer that produces a beam w/ a very wide elevational plane. Which of these issues are you most likely to encounter as a result? -slice thickness artifact -incre. reververation -incre. side lobes -incre. electrical interferences | Slice thickness artifact |
| The "useful" artifact that one might see behind a weakly attenuating structure is: | Enhancement |
| When you adjust the output power control, you affect the following system component? -pulser -memory -scan converter -receiver | Pulser |
| The part of the receiver that reduces low level system noise is: | Rejection |
| What receiver function is responsible for decreasing the difference between the largest and the smallest received signal amplitude? | Compression |
| Sound bouncing off a strong reflector and producing an image on the wrong location on the display is: | Mirror image artifact |
| What must be known in order to calculate distance to a reflector? | Travel time, speed |
| Contrast resolution is: | The ability to see differences in shades of gray |
| Which of the following occurs after the image has been frozen? -preprocessing -post processing -conversion to binary -write zoom | Post processing |
| In which mode is the strength of the reflector represented by the brightness of the dot? | B-mode |
| Which mode is interested in the movement of the reflector along one scan line? | M-mode |
| In M-mode imaging, whats is along the x-axis? | Time |
| The harmonic signal? | Is produced by the patient |
| When imaging in tissue harmonic imaging: | The fundamental frequency is filter out |
| A sound wave travels 26 µs to a reflector. How far away is the reflector, assuming the medium is soft tissue? | 2.0 cm |
| Which of the following is a technique used to reduce the presence of grating lobes? -apodization -tissue harmonics -sibdicing -all of the above | All of the above |
| The strength of the voltages sent to each element is determined by the? | Beam former |
| An advantage of coded excitation is improved: | Signal to noise ratio |
| If the far field of the image is too dark, it is recommended that you | Increased the receiver gain |
| Read zoom is a function of the: | Post processing |
| Which type of zoom offers high-quality zoom but must be selected while the image is alive? | Write zoom |
| As the sound beam travels, it is attenuated. This explain the need to have which receiver function? | Compensation |
| The smallest component of a 3D image is the: | Voxel |
| The technique that uses made up pixel information to replace areas between the scan lines where there is not actual signal information is: | Fill in interpolation |
| Which of the following is the standard for data exchanged among imaging systems? | DICOM |
| An artifact that occurs when a sound when a sound beam bounces back and forth between two strong reflectors, creating a "stepladder" -like appearance is: | Reverberation |
| Additional reflectors on the screen (with an array transducer) that are from extraneous sound waves of the primary axis of the beam are: | Grating lobes |
| Sound travels through a large quantity of muscle tissue. The reflector will be displayed: | Too close to the transducer |
| A shadow occurs when sound: | Travels through an area of increased attenuation |
| The echo information is taken from the memory and sent to the _______ so it can be shown on the display: -beam former -receiver -A to D converter -D to A converter | D to A converter |
| Which older mode may still be used today in ophthalmology? | A-mode |
| Which part of the US machine does not affect the amount of energy entering the patients: | Receiver |
| An image with one bit of memory has how many shades of gray? | Two |
| The part of the machine responsible of timing the reception of the pulses to determine their location is the: | Master synchronizer |
| A technique that averages out the frequencies used to make the image to improve contrast resolution and reduce speckle is : | Frequency compounding |
| Artifacts related to propagation speed occur because: | The machine assumes 1540 m/s for all tissues |
| A reflector is 20mm away from the transducer, how long does it take for sound to travel to the reflector and back to the transducer? | 26µs |
| What provides the potential energy in the cardiovascular system? | Beating heart |
| Which type of color scale displays turbulence as a shade of green? | Variance |
| What is the name of the flat flow profile that is seen at the entrance of vessels? | Plug flow |
| What does increasing the PRF/scale setting on a spectral Doppler do? | Decreases the potential of aliasing |
| Which of the following is seen with CW instrumentation: -transducer frequency matches that of the oscillator -sample depth can be determined by a range gate -very short pulses are used -aliasing limits velocity measurement | Transducer frequency matches that of the oscillator |
| When is the Doppler shift highest? | When the beam is parallel to the direction of flow |
| Which of the following will NOT eliminate aliasing? -increasing the PRF -Increasing the Nyquist limit above the frequency shift -Decrease the ample depth -Increasing the frequency shift above the Nyquist limit | Increasing the frequency shift above the Nyquist limit |
| When a reflector moves toward the transducer, what will happen to the reflected frequency? | Increase |
| Which of the following has to be increased in order to see an increase in flow volume? -pressure difference -resistance -vessel length -viscosity | Pressure difference |
| Adjusting which of the following will have no effect on the measured frequency shift? -flow velocity -operating frequency -amplitude -propagation speed | Amplitud |
| Which of the following is representative of Ohm's law? -V = IR -I = R/V -R = I/V -R = VI | V = IR |
| What is the point at which Reynolds number predicts turbulence? | 2000 |
| In order to maintain volume flow as a constant, if the area of a vessel increases what must happen to velocity? | It decreases |
| Venous blood returns to the heart from the lower extremities through al of the following EXCEPT? -calf muscle pump -inspiration -expiration -venous valves | Inspiration |
| In a standing patient, where is the hydrogenation pressure the highest? | In the feet |
| A stenosis of 75% in area is equal to what percent of stenosis in diameter? -25% -50% -75% -100% | 50% |
| In the exercising patient, what is the response to peripheral resistance with arteriole dilatation? | The peripheral resistance decreases |
| Which one will be seen w/ a stationary reflector? -there is a ↑ reflec. freq. compared w/ the incident freq. -there is a ↓ reflec. freq. compared w/ the incident freq. -the incident freq. is = to the reflec. freq. -the reflec. incident intensity | The incident freq. is = to the reflec. freq |
| What happens as thee frequency of the transducer increases? | The amount of scatter is increased |
| What occurs as the Doppler angle is increased? | It decreases the frequency shift |
| What component of the ultrasound machine is used to detect positive vs negative frequency shifts? | Phase quadrature |
| Which of the following is true for CW Doppler devices? -it only needs to have 1 piezoelectric element -it only needs to have 2 piezoelectric element --it only needs to have 3 piezoelectric element -no piezoelectric elements needed for CW Doppler | It only needs to have 2 piezoelectric element |
| Which of the following will result in aliasing? -too low an operating frequency -increased sampling of the blood flow -undersampling of the blood flow -too high a Doppler angle | Undersampling of the blood flow |
| What mathematical processing technique is used to analyzed the data and produced a spectral waveform? | Fast Fourier transform |
| What formula represents the resistive index? | Peak systolic velocity minus the end diastolic velocity divided by the peak systolic velocity |
| What does the brightness of the dots that make up the spectral display represents? | The number of red blood cells present |
| Which of the following describes the principle that an object at rest will stay unless acted on by an outside force? | Inertia |
| In order to add more spectral Doppler waveforms to the display, what setting on the machine should be adjusted? | Sweep speed |
| What may result if the spectral Doppler gain is too high? | Over measurement of the velocities |
| The Doppler shift is lowest at what angle to flow? | 90º |
| Which signal processing technique used for color Doppler is nor as accurate as, but is faster than the technique used for Spectral Doppler? -zero crossing -phase quadrature -auto correlation -fast fourier transform | Autocorrelation |
| What is the smallest number of crystals a PW Doppler device mat have? | One |
| Which type of Doppler does not rely on the frequency shift but instead relied on the strength of the shift? | Power Doppler |
| What is it called when the 2D image, color Doppler image, and spectral Doppler are displayed simultaneously? | triplex mode |
| What is the duty factor of CW Doppler? | 1 |
| Which one is true about CW Doppler? -meas. freq. shifts come from a user-selec. depth -A range gate is placed in the vessel to be sampled -a large sample vol. obta. signals from all vessels within -pulses of sound r sent into the tissue to meas. freq. | There is a large sample volume that obtains signals from all vessels within |
| When compared to 2D grayscale imaging, which of the following color Doppler statement is true? -there is improved frame rate -there is worse temporal resolution -there are fewer pulses per scan line -there is a higher frame rate | There is worst temporal resolution |
| Which of the following statement is false? -aliasing does not occur with color Doppler -CW Doppler is able to measure very high frequency shifts -PW Doppler has range resolution -Power Doppler is not limited by 90º angle | Aliasing does not occur with color Doppler |
| Which of the following frequency shifts would exhibit aliasing if the PRF is 500 Hz? -1.0 Hz -2.5 Hz -3.0 Hz -none of the above | 3.0 Hz |
| Which of the following is true about the frequency shift? -it increases with an increase in Doppler angle -it is typically greater than 20000 Hz -it is inversely related to operating frequency -it is in the audible range of sound | It is in the audible range of sound |
| What can be said about the ensemble length of Color Doppler? | It is about 10 to 20 pulses per scan line |
| What happens if blood flow is sampled in the center of laminar flow? | There will be a higher velocity than if sampled toward the edges |
| Which of the following is false about color Doppler imaging? -it is prone to aliasing -it obtains mean velocity information -it uses autocorrelation as its signal processing technique -it can measure peak systolic and end diastolic velocities | It can measure peak systolic and end diastolic velocities |
| Which of the following is a property of power Doppler? Able to obtain velocity information and direction of flow -signal is obtain by detecting amplitud of shift -it is prone to aliasing -limited by perpendicular angle of incidence | Signal is obtain by detection amplitude of shift |
| Assuming flow is constant, what happens in a region of blood vessel narrowing? | There is an increase in the velocity along with a corresponding decrease in pressure |
| Which of the following is true about the spectral Doppler envelope? -it is thin when there are many different velocities -it is thin with CW Doppler -it is thickened in the presence of turbulence -it is thickened in the center of a laminar flow vessel | It is thickened in the presence of turbulence |
| What is the term for the pressure difference between the inside of a vein and the tissue outside? | Transmural pressure |
| A proximal stenosis will look like what on the spectral waveform? | Delay in the systolic upstroke |
| The low velocity component is missing on a spectral waveform. Which of the following should be adjusted to fix this? -gain -scale -wall filter -frequency | Wall filter |
| In the exercising patient, the distal arterioles are dilated. What type of flow pattern would most likely be demonstrated on Spectral Doppler withing the proximal vessels | Monophasic flow |
| Comprehensive preventative maintenance must be performed at least: | Semiannually |
| Which test object uses a moving belt, a vibrating string or a fluid pump? | Doppler phantom |
| Which of the following tests the ability of reflectors to be accurately imaged within the first centimeter of the sound beam? -sensitivity -dead zone -fresnel zone -axial resolution | Dead zone |
| The test used to evaluate the depth of reflectors from a transducer is called: | Vertical depth calibration |
| All of the following are goals for a quality assurance program except: -document proper equipment performance -optimize image quality consistently -keep detailed results from quality assurance testing -report equipment malfunctions annually | Report equipment malfunctions annually |
| The only certifying agency that offers credentialing exams for cardiac and vascular testing: | CCI |
| Which of the following is a voluntary process that acknowledges an organization's competency and credibility according to standard and essentials set forth by a reliable source? -credentialing -accreditation -licensure -registration | Accreditation |
| Which of the following is the system's ability to detect weak echoes? -uniformity -registration -sensitivity -dead zone | Sensitivity |
| What type of errors will cause artificial echoes to appear within a cystic structure? | Slice thickness |
| Which of the following indicates the maximum depth of visualization? -vertical distance -horizontal distance -lateral resolution -contrast resolution | Vertical distance |
| Which of the following is a methodical way of evaluating equipment's performance on a routine basis to ensure proper and accurate equipment function? -accreditation -quality assurance -preventative maintenance -credentials | Preventative maintenance |
| Who among the following is responsible for ensuring an effective quality assurance program in the sonography lab | Sonographer |
| Which of the following is the ability to accurately identify reflectors that are arranged front to back and parallel to the ultrasound beam? -registration -axial resolution -vertical distance -lateral resolution | Axial resolution |
| What is another term used for range accuracy? | Depth calibration |
| Which is the test object that evaluates the elevation resolution, or the thickness portion, of the sound beam perpendicular to the imaging depth? -test object -Doppler testing phantom -tissue-equivalent phantom -slice-thickness phantom | Slice-thickness phantom |
| What describes the system's ability to place echoes in the proper location horizontally and perpendicular to the sound beam? | Horizontal calibration |
| The test object that mimics that acoustic properties of human tissue and is used to ensure proper equipment performance is: | Doppler testing phantom |
| Which of the following does the Doppler phantom not typically evaluate? -flow direction -subtle tissue differences -depth capability of the beam -accuracy of sample volume location | Subtle tissue difference |
| Which of the following is not an accrediting agency of sonography labs? -American institute of ultrasound in medicine -American registry of diagnostic medical sonography -intersocietal accreditation commission -American college of radiology | American registry of diagnostic medical sonography |
| Which one is not a credential granting body for sonographers? -American registry of diagnostic medical sonography -cardiovascular credential international -american registry of radiographic technologists -american institute of ultrasound in medicine | American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine |
| What term and philosophy relates the amount of exposure time for the sonographer and patient during sonographic examination? | As low as reasonable achievable |
| sonographers should verify the patient's wrist band information for identify markers. This includes which of the following? -patient's race -medical record number -date of registration -birth place | Medical record number |
| Which of the following techniques uses sound waves to palpate a lesion in order to determine the stiffness of the lesion? -tissue harmonic imaging -fusion imaging -tissue Doppler imaging -elastography | Elastography |
| Which type of elastography produce a quantitative result and not just a color-coded image to represent stiffness? -tissue harmonic imaging -shear wave elastography -strain elastrography -acoustic radiation force imaging | Shear wave elastography |
| What technology permits the imaging of blood vessels with contrast-enhanced ultrasound? tissue harmonic imaging -share wave elastography -fusion imaging -A-mode imaging | Tissue harmonic imaging |
| Which of the following would be considered the best way to prevent the spread of infection? -covering you mouth when you cough -cleaning the ultrasound machine -hand washing -taking vitamins | Hand washing |
| What is defined as the action of an acoustic field within a fluid to generate bubbles? | Cavitation |
| What is it called when an acoustic field causes motion of fluids? | Streaming |
| The calculation used to predict the maximum temperature elevation in issues as a result of attenuation of sound is the: | Thermal index |
| Which of the following is defined as forces exerted by a sound beam on an absorber or reflector that can alter structures: | Radiation forces |
| Which of the following forms of cavitation has the most potential for inducing biologic damage? -acute -chronic -transient -stable | Transient |
| The calculation used to assist in evaluating the likelihood of cavitation to occur is referred to as the: | Mechanical index |
| Which of the following would be best described as the failure of the heart to pump the proper amount of blood to the vital organs? -distributive shock -neurogenick shock -hypovolemic shock -cardiogenic shock | Cardiogenic shock |
| A nosocomial infection is best described as a: | Hospital acquired infection |
| Which of the following could be a cause of anaphylactic shock? -cardiac tamponade -diarrhea -lodinated contrast agents -lack of glucose | Lodinated contrast agents |
| Which of the following would be consiidered one of the most common nosocomial infections? -AIDS -hepatitis B -UTI -tuberculosis | UTI |
| An infectious agent needs to initially have which of the following to grow and survive? -means of transmission -portal of entry -portal of exit -reservoir | Reservoir |
| Which of the following would not be considered a common virus that a healthcare worker would be exposed to: -hep B -hep C -Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -Hep A | Hep A |
| Which of the following would not be considered a transmission barrier that would help prevent the transporting of pathogens from the infected person to the general environment? -gloves -hand washing -needles -sterilization | Needles |
| Universal or standard precautions apply to all of the following except: -sweat -nonintact skin -blood -pleural fluid | Blood |
| When viewing sonographic images outside of the clinical arena, all of the following information are required to be removed except: -patient's name -facility -date -image orientation | Patient's name |
| Which is the best one that describe an airborne disease that is spread by bacteria released from an infected individual when that person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings? -Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus -tuberculosis -HIV -hepatitis C | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus |
| Hepatitis denotes: -liver inflammation -renal disorders -metabolic obstruction -biliary infection | Liver inflammation |
| All of the following are considered to be part of nonthermal mechanisms of biologic effects except: -radiation forces -streaming -acoustic cavitation -tissue heating | Tissue heating |
| What is considered to be the primary reason why tissue heats as sound is attenuated in the human body? | Absorption |
| No biologic effects have been observed for an unfocused beam having free-field SPTA intensities below: -100mW/cm2 -10W/cm2 -1000mW/cm2 -1540m/s | 100 mW/cm2 |
| Which of the following would be most likely caused by an arterial stenosis? -nosocomial infection -cardiogenic shock -hypovolemic shock -obstructive shock | Obstructive shock |
| Which one described a complication of diabetes that results from a severe lack of insulin, the patient's breath may have a sweet smell? hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome -diabetic ketoacidosis -hypovolemic shock -neurogenic shock | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| In tissues that contain well defined gas bodies, no effects have been observed for in situ peak refractional pressures below a mechanical index value less than approximately: -0.4 -0.8 -2 -100 | 0.4 |
| In regard to the prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders, the sonographers scanning arm should be in a position that is no more than a: -20º angle of adduction -20º angle of abduction -30º angle of adduction -30º angle of abduction | 30º angle of abduction |
| Which of the following is required in order for a pathogen to be transmitted from one individual to another? -gateway -portal of exit -infectious agent -vulnerable agent | Portal of exit |
| Which of the following is not transmitted via contact with infectious blood or accidental needle sticks? -tuberculosis -HIV -Hep C -Hep B | Tuberculosis |
| Which of the following would not be considered a clinical complication of diabetes mellitus? -blurred vision -extreme thirst -sweet odor to the breath -decreased urine output | Decreased urine output |
| Human immunodeficiency virus is spread by all of the following means except: -sexual contact -kissing -needle stick -blood transfusion | Kissing |
| Some clinical manifestation of shock includes all of the following except: -clammy skin -decreased urine output -increased anxiety -extreme thirst | Extreme thirst |
| In the presence of a non responsive adult patient, which pulse should be evaluated? -radial -tibial -carotid -temporal | Carotid |
| Personal protective equipment includes all of the following except? -gloves -gluteraldehyde soaking solution -gowns -face masks | Gluteraldehyde soaking solution |
| Which of the following would not be considered a barrier technique? -sterilization -decontamination -disposing of waste material -hand hygiene | Hand hygiene |
| What would be the most likely means of transmission of the HIV from a patient to a sonographer? -exposure to fecal material -holding the patient's hand w/out a glove -needle stick -coughing | Holding the patient's hand w/out a glove |
| What would be the most likely means of transmission of tuberculosis from a patient to a sonographer? -exposure to fecal material -holding the patients hand w/out glove -needle stick -coughing | Coughing |
| Nonthermal mechanism may also be referred to as: -thermal mechanisms -thermal indices -absorption influences | Mechanical mechanisms |
| Which of the following would not be a subcategory of distributive shock? -septic shock -anaphylactic shock -nosocomial shock -neurogenic shock | Nosocomial shock |
| Describe what is transient cavitation? | The type of cavitation when larger bubbles are produced and subsequently rupture |
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karinaheffron
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