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The Stone Age
Definitions for the chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Time period? | 7000 - 2000 BC |
| What do 'Mesolithic' and 'Neolithic' mean? | comes from greek words: meso = middle, neo = new, lithos = stone. Mesolithic is middle stone age, neolithic is new stone age |
| What happened during this time? (neolithic period) | Farming and tool-making evolved, people began to settle in permanent communities |
| What is the name for the oldest roofed structures still standing in Western Europe? | Corbelled chambers - built on standing stones of chamber of passage mound and built upwards, sloping slight outwards to shed water. Self supporting, roof closed by single stone |
| Chip carving? | Making lines and patterns of low relief on stones by cutting into the surface with sharp flint or obsidian edge, or picking with stone chisel. |
| Smoothing? | Hammering or rubbing at stone with a rough textured stone |
| Name some Stone Age designs. | Concentric circles, spirals, arcs, serpentiniforms, dot in circle, chevrons, lozenges, radials, parallel lines, offsets |
| What does 'Megalithic' mean? | Greek words, 'mega' = large, 'lithos' = stone |
| Dolmens | Simplest megalithic structures. Tombs (human remains from burials and cremation found inside, and stone age artefacts). Back of tombs lower than front, believed that capstones dragged up earthen ramp to rest on upright stones. |
| Court Cairns | Structures that were places of burial. Ceremonies or rituals may have taken place in semi-circular area at front. |
| What puts dolmens and court cairns in the realm of art? | Although they have no added decoration, they were built as the result of ideas. |
| Passage mounds | Over 200 known in Ireland. Many have decorated stones as part of their construction. Best known are Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth in Brú na Bóinne, Co. Meath |
| Knowth | Two passages, one plain (western) and one cruciform (eastern). 127 kerbstones. |
| Details of Knowth. | Decorated basin stone (seemed to be used to hold cremated remains of dead and small offerings). Knowth mace head, carved from flint. White quartz stones laid in front of eastern entrance. |
| Newgrange | See separate studystack for Newgrange! (lots of details lol) |
| Astronomy | Lots of support for idea that much of the stone age art is related to astronomy, designs can be interpreted as lunar cycles, patterns and events. Newgrange and Knowth both recieve light of sun. |
| Incision | Simple cuts or scratches made using sharp flint on less elaborately decorated stones |
Created by:
hsullivan
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