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Mechanics
Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Displacement | The displacement of a particle from a fixed point is its distance from that point in a particular direction |
| Velocity | The rate of change of displacement with respect to time (m/s) |
| Acceleration | The rate of change of velocity with respect to time (m/s^2) |
| Scalar Quantity | A quantity that has no direction associated with it e.g. Mass |
| Vector Quantity | A quantity that has direction and magnitude associated with it e.g. Velocity |
| Force | A force is something that causes or tries to cause acceleration F=ma |
| Momentum | The product of its mass and velocity (Kg/s) |
| Conservation of Momentum | m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2 |
| Newton's First Law of Motion | Every body remains in a state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted on by an external force |
| Newton's Second Law of Motion | The rate of change in momentum of a body is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts |
| Newton's Third Law of Momentum | If one body A, exerts a force on a second body B, then B exerts an equal and opposite force on A |
| \Weight | The weight of a body is the gravitational force exerted on it by the earth |
| Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation | Every two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the square of the distance between them F = GMm/d^2 |
| Angular Velocity | The rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time (rad/s) |
| Centripetal Force | The force towards the centre that keeps a body moving in a circular path. F = mrw^2 ; F = mv^2/r Centripetal all: a = rw^2 = v^2/r |
| Simple Harmonic Motion | The motion of a particle is simple harmonic if its acceleration towards a particular point it proportional to its displacement from that point |
| Hooke's Law | The extension of an elastic material is directly proportional to the force producing the extension. F = -ks |
| Density | The mass per unit volume of a substance (g/cm^3) p = m/v |
| Pressure | The force acting on unit area (N/m^2) P = F/a ; P = pgh |
| Moment | The moment of a force about any axis is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the axis and the line of action of the force (Nm) F1d1 = F2d2 |
| Equilibrium | A body is in equilibrium when its acceleration is zero |
| Couple | A couple is a system of forces which has a turning effect only - the resultant of the forces is zero. T = fd |
| Principle of moments | When a body is in equilibrium the sum of the moments, about any axis, of the external forces acting on a body is zero. |
| Archimedes Principle | When a body is partially or wholly immersed in a fluid the upthrust is equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid displaced. |
| Law of Flotation | The weight of a floating body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. |
| Energy | Energy is the ability to do work (J) |
| Principle of Conservation of Energy | Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another. |
| Work | Work is done when a force moves a body. The amount of work done is equal to the product of the force and the distance moved. W = fd One joule of work is done when a force of 1 newton moves something a distance 1 metre. |
| Power | The rate of at which work is done (W) Power = VI |
Created by:
Muireann Creswell
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