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Local Anesthetics
Pharmacology Chapter 10
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Local Anesthetic = Agents that ____________ block nerve conduction when applied to a circumscribed area of the body | Agents that reversibly block nerve conduction |
What is the major difference between local anesthetic and general anesthetic? | Local anesthetic - loss of sensation without loss of consciousness |
Properties of Ideal Local Anesthetic | Potent Reversible Absence of local reactions Absence of allergic reactions Rapid onset Satisfactory duration Adequate tissue penetration stability in solution ease of metabolism / excretion |
List 4 amides used in dentistry | Lidocaine Mepivacaine prilocaine bupivacaine |
Name an amide with an ester group | articaine |
Name four main Esters | Procaine Propoxycaine Tetracaine (topical) Benzocaine (topical) |
Which local anesthetic may cause CNS depression rather than stimulation characteristic in other local anesthetics? | Lidocaine |
What is the best local anesthetic for almost all dentistry uses? | Lidocaine |
Which anesthetic should be used if trying to avoid vasoconstrictors? | Mepivacaine plain |
Mechanism of action of local anesthetics | attach to receptors on nerve membrane block conduction of nerve impulses - "nerve block" decreases permeability of nerve cell membrane to sodium ions |
When local anesthetics block nerve impulses by decreasing cell-membrane permeability to sodium ions, this causes: __________ in rate of depolarization of nerve membrane __________ the threshold for excitability ___________ propagation of A.P. | DECREASES the rate of depolarization of nerve membrane INCREASES the threshold for excitability PREVENTS propagation of Action potential |