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Stack #38604
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Layers of the Heart | endocardium, myocardium, pericardium |
| Endocardium | inside of the heart |
| Myocardium | cardiac muscle on the outside of the heart |
| Pericardium | membranous sac surrounding the heart |
| Chambers of the Heart | right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle |
| Right Atrium, Left Atrium | two top chambers |
| Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle | two bottom chambers |
| Septum | verticle divsion of the heart |
| Normal Average Heart Rate | 70-90 beats per minute |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rate; below 60 beats per minute |
| Tachycardia | fast heart rate; above 100 beats per minute |
| Murmur | abnormal heart sound; valves are not closing at the right time or tightly enough |
| Right Atrium | receives venous blood (deoxygenated blood from the veins); gets blood low in oxygen to the lungs from the body tissue; receives blood from |
| Superior Vena Cava | brings blood from the head, chest, and arms |
| Inferior Vena Cava | drains the blood from the lower extremities and trunk |
| Right Ventricle | receives blood from the right atrium; deoxygenated blood; pumps to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries |
| Left Atrium | receives blood high in oxygen (oxygenated) from the pulmonary veins from the lungs; receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs |
| Left Ventricle | has the thickest wall; pumps the oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to all parts of the body from the aorta |
| Aorta | largest artery; responsible for pumping blood to all parts of the body; it pumps into the systemic circulation |
| Valves | right atrioventricular, left atrioventricular, pulmonic valve, aortic valve |
| Right Atrioventricular | AV valve; AKA tricuspid valve |
| Left Atrioventricular | AV valve; AKA mitral valve, AKA Bicuspid valve |
| Pulmonic Valve | AKA pulmonary semilunar valve; between right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| Aortic Valve | AKA aortic semilunar valve; between the left ventricle and the aorta |
| Chordae Tendineae | thin, strong, fibrous bands that attach to the walls of the ventricles to stabilize the valve flaps when the ventricles contract to prevent backflow of blood during heartbeats |
| Blood Supply of Myocardium | coronary artery, coronary sinus |
| Coronary Artery | R&L; 1st area to receive oxygenated blood from aorta; on outside of heart-supply myocardium w/oxygenated blood; become clogged when you have a heart attack; triple bypass-bypass these arteries w/veins from leg or breast; heart receives oxygen & nutrients |
| Coronary Sinus | empties into the right atrium and collects venous blood from the heart; venous blood goes from the outside of the heart to the inside of the heart; deoxygenated blood goes back to the right atrium |
| Cardiac Cycle | systole, diastole |
| Systole | the active phase of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat); contractions of the atria, and then the ventricles |
| Diastole | resting phase; heart rests for 0.8 seconds; relaxation as all areas fill with blood, then systole starts again |
| One Heartbeat | contractions of the atria, ventricles contract, relaxation as all areas fill with blood, then systole starts again |
| Cardiac Output | volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute; determined by stroke volume and the heart rate |
| Stroke Volume | the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each beat |
| Heart Rate | the number of beats per minute of the heart |
| Conduction System | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, perkinje fibers |
| SA Node | upper wall of the right atrium; it |
| AV Node | atrioventricular; in the intra-atrial septum at the bottom of the right atrium |
| AV Bundle (Bundle of His) | at the top of the interventricular septum; extends to all parts of the entricular walls to the bundle branches and then to the perkinje fibers |
| Sinus Rhythm | when the heartbeat originates at the SA node in the upper wall of the right atrium |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | increases the heartbeat |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | brings the heart rate back down |
| Lubb-dupp | sound herd when the AV and the semilunar valves close; if problem-will har murmur; no lubb dubb |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | causes death to an area of the heart muscle; one of the areas on the ouside of the heart- one of the coronary arteries is not supplying bood to one part of the myocardium |
| Mitral Stenosis | problems with mitral valve (bicuspid)-defect of the bicuspid valve- not closing properly; will push blood in both retionsonortion because it's still open a it |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse | valve will push itself up- difficult for blood to flow through; kind of bends over on itself |
Created by:
Supernurse