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Nuclear Definitions

8OWLS

TermDefinition
Alpha Particle Weakest type of nuclear radiation; consists of a helium nucleus released during alpha decay.
Artificial Transmutation Changing of one element into another by unnatural means; involves bombarding a nucleus with high-energy particles to cause change.
Gamma Ray High-frequency electromagnetic wave released during gamma decay; strongest type of nuclear radiation.
Beta Particle Electron, created in the nucleus of an atom, released during beta decay.
Binding Energy Energy associated with the strong nuclear force that holds an atomic nucleus together, related to the stability of a nucleus.
Decay Series Sequence of steps by which a radioactive nucleus decays into a non-radioactive nucleus.
Half-Life Amount of time it takes for half the atoms in a given sample of an element to decay.
Radioactive Decay Process in which a nucleus spontaneously emits particles or rays to become lighter and more stable.
Radioactivity Release of energy and matter that results from changes in the nucleus of an atom.
Tracer Radioactive element whose pathway can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or industrial process.
Transmutation Process in which one element is changed into another as a result of changes in the nucleus.
Critical Mass The smallest mass of a fissionable material that will sustain a nuclear chain reaction at a constant level.
Nuclear Chain Reaction Series of fission reactions that occur because the products released during one fission reaction cause the fission reactions in other atoms.
Nuclear Fission Splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller nuclei of approximately equal mass.
Nuclear Fusion Joining of two atomic nuclei of smaller mass to form a single nucleus of larger mass.
Transuranium Element Element formed synthetically; has more than 92 protons in its nucleus.
Nuclear Reactor Any of several devices in which a chain reaction is initiated and controlled, with the resulting heat typically used for power generation and the neutrons and fission products used for military, experimental, and medical purposes.
Created by: Asparagus
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