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Chem.1
Chapter5Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is potable water? | Water that is fit for human consumption. |
| What is an aquifer? | An aquifer is a great pool of water trapped in sand and gravel 50-500 feet below the surface. |
| What is surface water? | Surface water is water from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. |
| What is groundwater? | Groundwater is water pumped from wells that have been drilled into underground aquifers. |
| What is a solute? | Solutes are those substances that dissolve in a solvent. |
| What is a solution? | A solution is a homogeneous mixture of uniform composition. |
| What is a solvent? | A solvent is a substance capable of dissolving other substances. |
| What is an aqueous solution? | Aqueous solutions are solutions in which water is the solvent. |
| What is a mineral? | A mineral is a naturally occurring element or compound that usually has a definite chemical composition, a crystalline structure, and is formed as a result of geological processes. |
| What is concentration? | Concentration is the ratio of amount of solute to amount of solution. |
| What is percent? | Percent is parts per hundred. |
| What is parts per million (ppm)? | Parts per million is 1 part per million. |
| What is a liter(L)? | A liter is the volume occupied by 1000g of water at 4 degrees Celsius. |
| What is meant by parts per billion (ppb)? | Parts per billion is 1 part per billion. |
| What is molarity(M)? | Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute present in one liter of solution. Molarity(M)= {(moles of solute)/(liter of solution)} |
| What is a volumetric flask? | A volumetric flask is a type of glassware that contains a precise amount of solution when filled to the mark on its neck. |
| What is meant by the term electronegativity? | Electronegativity(EN) is a measure of an atom's attraction for the electrons it shares in a covalent bond. |
| What is a polar covalent bond? | A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the electrons are not equally shared, but rather displaced toward the more electronegative atom. |
| What is an intramolecular force? | An intramolecular force is a force that exists within a molecule. |
| What is an intermolecular force? | An intermolecular force is one that occurs between molecules. |
| What is a hydrogen bond? | A hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom bearing a partial positive charge in one molecule and an O, N, or F atom bearing a partial negative charge in a neighboring molecule. |
| What is density? | Density is the ratio of mass per unit volume. |
| What is specific heat? | Specific heat is the quantity of heat energy that must be absorbed to increase the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. |
| What is a conductivity meter? | A conductivity meter is an apparatus that produces a signal to indicate that electricity is being conducted. |
| What's a nonelectrolyte? | A nonelectrolyte is a nonconducting solute when in aqueous solutions. |
| What's an electrolyte? | An electrolyte is a conducting solute in an aqueous solution. |
| What's an ion? | An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge as a result of gaining or losing one or more electrons. |
| What's a cation? | A cation is a positively charged ion. |
| What's an anion? | An anion is a negatively charged ion. |
| A(n) _______ is a chemical bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. | Ionic bond |
| __________ are made up of electrically charged ions that are present in fixed proportions and are arranged in a regular, geometric pattern. | Ionic compounds |
| _____ tend to form cations by losing their valence electrons. | Metal |
| _____ gain electrons to form anions. | Nonmetals |
| _________ are ions that are made up of two or more atoms covalently bound together. | Polyatomic ions |
| _______ is a compound capable of causing cancer. | Carcinogen |
| ______ is the maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would occur. | Maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) |
| The ______ sets the legal limit for the concentration of a contaminant. | Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) |
| A ______ is a graph that is made by carefully measuring the absorbancies of several solutions of known concentration for the species being analyzed. | Calibration graph |
| _______ is a broad general term describing any process that removes ions from salty water. | Desalination |
| _______ is a separation process in which a solution is heated to the boiling point and the vapors are condensed and collected. | Distillation |
| ______ is the natural tendency for a solvent to move through a membrane from a region of higher solvent concentration to a region of lower solvent concentration. | Osmosis |
| ______ is using pressure to force the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration. | Reverse osmosis |
| A(n) _______ is a chemical bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. | Ionic bond |
| __________ are made up of electrically charged ions that are present in fixed proportions and are arranged in a regular, geometric pattern. | Ionic compounds |
| _____ tend to form cations by losing their valence electrons. | Metal |
| _____ gain electrons to form anions. | Nonmetals |
| _________ are ions that are made up of two or more atoms covalently bound together. | Polyatomic ions |
| _______ is a compound capable of causing cancer. | Carcinogen |
| ______ is the maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would occur. | Maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) |
| The ______ sets the legal limit for the concentration of a contaminant. | Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) |
| A ______ is a graph that is made by carefully measuring the absorbancies of several solutions of known concentration for the species being analyzed. | Calibration graph |
| _______ is a broad general term describing any process that removes ions from salty water. | Desalination |
| _______ is a separation process in which a solution is heated to the boiling point and the vapors are condensed and collected. | Distillation |
| ______ is the natural tendency for a solvent to move through a membrane from a region of higher solvent concentration to a region of lower solvent concentration. | Osmosis |
| ______ is using pressure to force the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration. | Reverse osmosis |
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