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Ch.10 Vocab
Question | Answer |
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temperature | a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
thermal expansion | an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance |
absolute zero | the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K on the Kelvin scale or –273.16ºC on the Celsius scale) |
heat | the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
thermal energy | the kinetic energy of a substance's atoms |
thermal conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
thermal insulator | a material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat |
convection | the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations |
radiation | the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves |
specific heat | the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1 K or 1ºC in a specified way given constant pressure and volume |
states of matter | the physical forms of matter, which are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma |
change of state | the change of a substance from one physical state to another |
insulation | a substance that reduces the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound |
heat engine | a machine that transforms heat into mechanical energy, or work |
thermal pollution | a temperature increase in a body of water that is caused by human activity and that has a harmful effect on water quality and on the ability of that body of water to support life |