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Stack #38489
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood | classified as connective tissue; average of 5L of blood in the body; pH of the blood is kept at approximately 7.4 (alkaline) |
| Erythrocytes | red blood cells; RBC's |
| Platelets | cell fragments that are active in blood clotting |
| Leukocytes | leuko-white; cytes-cells; white blood cells; WBC's; antibodies found here- mixed with WBC's |
| Functions of the Blood | protection, transportation, regulation |
| Erythrocytes | range from 4.5 to 5 million is normal in blood count |
| Erythropoietin | hormone that stimulates the production of RBC's |
| Hemoglobin | carries oxygen; female ranges for hemoglobin are (12-15g/100/ml); males are slightly higher 13-16 or 14-16 g/100/ml; (females are lower cause of menstrual cycle); doc's look at hemoglobin to be able to diagnose anemia; low hemoglobin |
| Iron | found in hemoglobin; oxygen hitches a ride with hemoglobin |
| Polycythemia | an increased or elevated amount of RBC's |
| Hemolysis | rupture of RBC's (if they rupture, they're dead) |
| Hematocrit | the volume percent of red blood cells in whole blood; |
| Leukocytes | neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, |
| Neutrophils | account for the greatest number of WBC's; work for infection control |
| Lymphocytes | produce antibodies which initiates the immune response; antibodies in the blood help to fight off infection |
| Eosinophils | white blood cells that produce antibodies |
| Monocytes | macrophages- when monocytes mature; another WBC |
| Leukocytosis | elevated WBC's; often seen after a bacterial infection |
| # of Leukocytes | average range is 5-10,000 |
| Phagocytosis | when neutrophils and monocytes engulf a pathogen |
| Platelets | thrombocytes; clotting factors that are produced in the liver; clotting time is between 1-6 minutes |
| Last Step in Clot Formation | fibrinogen being converted to fibrin |
| Prothrombin | triggers the clotting mechanism |
| Hemostasis | prevents the loss of blood from circulation when an injury occurs |
| Blood Transfusion | changes in vital signs=problem; also pain or discomfort |
| Water | main component in plasma (90%) |
| Glucose | main carbohydrate in blood plasma that is required for energy; must have insulin for glucose to be used (open up cell) |
| Antigen | on red blood cell membrane are proteins that cause transfusion reactions |
| Type and Cross Match | right blood type for right patient |
| S&S of Problem with Blood Transfusions | changes in vital signs, pain or discomfort, flushing, flank pain |
| Flank Pain | one of the symptoms person can have with blood transfusion- immediately report it; can mean life and death |
| Different Blood Types | A, B, AB, O |
| O- | universal donor is; can be given to anyone; |
| Blood Color | oxygen is the element responsible for blood's bright red color; deoxygenaed will be bluish |
| A Receives | A and O |
| B Receives | B and O |
| AB Receives | A, B, AB, and O |
| O Receives | O |
| A Gives | A and AB |
| B Gives | B and AB |
| AB Gives | AB |
| O Gives | A, B, AB, O |
| Transfusion | transmission of blood from one person to another |
| Rh factor | system found because of Rhesus monkeys; person who is Rh positive has a red cell antigen- group Rh; can't give Rh positive blood to Rh negativ epeople- causes a reaction in the blood- body tries to kill it- it is invader |
| Antigens | A antigen=A blood, B antigen=B blood, AB antigens=AB blood; no antigen=O blood |
| Albumin | the most abundant protein in plasma |
| Serum | contains all the blood components but nothe clotting factors |
| Blood cells | products that are found in the bone marrow |
| Clotting factors | produced in the liver |
Created by:
Supernurse