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Data.Mgmt.Systems2

Chapter7(IntroductionToSQL)

QuestionAnswer
The benefits of SQL standardized relational language include the following... Reduced training costs, productivity, application portability, application longevity, reduced dependence on a single vendor, & cross-system communication.
A ________ is a set of schemas that, when put together, constitute a description of a database. A catalog
What commands are used to define a database, including creating, altering, and dropping tables and establishing constraints? Data definition language (DDL)
The _______ schema is a collection of related objects, including but not limited to, base tables and views, domains, constraints, character set, triggers, roles, and so forth. Schema
_____ commands are used to create, alter, and drop tables. DDL commands
_____ commands are used to maintain and query a database, including updating, inserting, modifying, and querying data. Data manipulation language (DML)
The _____ commands are used to control a database, including administering privileges and the committing (saving) of data. Data control language (DCL)
The following notation is used in illustrating SQL commands: (1) Capitalized words: show the command syntax (2) Lowercase words: values that must be supplied by the user (3) Brackets enclose optional syntax (4) Ellipses (...): show that the accompanying clause may be repeated (5) End SQL Commands with a semicol
DDL commands are used in _____. Physical design and maintenance
DML commands are used in _____. Implementation
DCL commands are used in _____. Implementation and maintenance
Some SQL DDL CREATE commands are: CREATE SCHEMA, CREATE TABLE, CREATE VIEW, CREATE CHARACTER SET, CREATE COLLATION, CREATE TRANSLATION, CREATE ASSERTION, CREATE DOMAIN
CREATE SCHEMA: _____. Used to define that portion of a database that a particular user owns.
CREATE TABLE: _____. Define a new table and its columns.
CREATE VIEW: _____. Defines a logical table from one or more tables or views. Views may not be indexed.
Each of these CREATE commands may be reversed by using a _____ command. DROP
________ is an integrity constraint specifying that the value of an attribute in one relation depends on the value of a primary key in the same or another relation. Referential integrity
The _______ command may be used to add new columns to an existing table. ALTER TABLE
To remove a table from a database, the owner of the table may use the _________ command. DROP TABLE
The SQL command that is used to populate tables and enter one row of data at a time or to add multiple rows as the result of a query is _____. INSERT
_____ can be deleted individually or in groups. Rows
Choosing to index primary and/or secondary keys to increase the speed of row selection, table joining, and row ordering is _____________. a technique used to tune the operational performance of the relational database internal data model
Selecting file organizations for base tables that match the type of processing activity on those tables is ___________. a technique used to tune the operational performance of the relational database internal data mode.
Selecting file organizations for indexes, which are also tables, appropriate to the way the indexes are used and allocating extra space for an index file so that an index can grow without having to be reorganized is ___________. a technique used to tune the operational performance of the relational database internal data model
Clustering data so that related rows of frequently joined tables are stored close together in secondary storage to minimize retrieval time is ___________________. a technique used to tune the operational performance of the relational database internal data model
Maintaining statistics about tables and their indexes so that the DBMS can find the most efficient ways to perform various database operations is ____________. a technique used to tune the operational performance of the relational database internal data model
_____ are create in most RDBMSs to provide rapid random and sequential access to base-table data. Indexes
The four data manipulation language commands used in SQL are: UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE, & SELECT
Most SQL data retrieval statements include the following three clauses: SELECT, FROM, & WHERE
The SQL clause _____, lists the columns from base tables or views to be projected into the table that will be the result of the command. SELECT (required)
The SQL clause _____, identifies the tables or views from which columns will be chosen to appear in the result table, and includes the tables or views needed to join tables to process the query. FROM (required)
The SQL clause _____, includes the conditions for row selection within a single table or view and the conditions between tables or views for joining. WHERE (necessary when only certain table rows are to be retrieved or multiple tables are to be joined)
The _____ clause sorts the final results rows in ascending or descending order. ORDER BY
The _____ clause groups rows in an intermediate results table where the values in those rows are the same for one or more columns. GROUP BY
The _____ clause can only be used following a GROUP BY and acts as a secondary WHERE clause, returning only those groups that meet a specified condition. HAVING
The single value returned by the previous aggregate function examples is called a ___________. scalar aggregate
When aggregate functions are used in a GROUP BY clause and several values are returned, they are called ________. vector aggregates
A _____ is a table in the relational data model containing the inserted raw data. base table
A _____ is a table constructed automatically as needed by a DBMS. virtual table
A ______ is a virtual table that is created dynamically upon request by a user. dynamic view
A _________ is a copy or a replica of data based on SQL queries created in the same manner as dynamic views are. materialized view
And ______ statement may be used to create a view. SQL SELECT
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