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Chapter 11
compounds & chemical RXN's
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define an acid | substances that produce hydrogen ions in water |
| define a base | substances that produce hydroxide ions in water |
| what does a pH of 2 tell you about a substance? | strong acid |
| what does a pH of 6 tell you about a substance? | weak acid |
| what does a pH of 8 tell you about a substance? | weak base |
| what does a pH of 13 tell you about a substance? | strong base |
| what is an ionic bond? | Ionic bonds form between the atoms of metals and the atoms of nonmetals. In an ionic bond, the metal transfers one or more electrons to the nonmetal |
| what is a covalent bond? | Covalent bonds form between nonmetal atoms by sharing of pairs of electrons. |
| what kind of structure does an ionic bond form? | ionic bonds result in crystal lattices |
| what kind of structure does a covalent bond form? | covalent bonds result in molecules |
| detail the first main goal atoms are pursuing when they form compounds | The first goal is that the orbitals in an atom are filled with electrons in just the right amount. Atoms wish to gain or lose electrons so that their orbitals are filled to the optimum amount. |
| detail the second main goal atoms are pursuing when they form compounds | The second goal is that the atom is in an electrically neutral environment. In molecules or in crystal lattices, the atoms arrange themselves so that there are equal numbers of positive and negative charges. |
| what does aqueous solution mean? | an aqueous solution is a solution in water, that is, water is the solvent |
| what is a redox reaction and how do they work? | one element is oxidized and one reduced. Oxi happens to the element that loses e- and reduction happens to the element that gains e-. In a typical redox, a metal is oxidized and loses e-. These e- are transferred to a nonmetal which is reduced. |
| what is a salt? | compound composed of a metal bonded to either a halogen or a polyatomic ion. Salts are the main result of an acid-base neutralization reaction. |
| What is a polyatomic ion? | a cluster of several atoms joined together in a molecule AND possessing a net electrical charge. |
| differentiate between oxidation & reduction | -Oxidation is a chemical RXN in which the atoms of a certain element lose e and become positively charged. -Reduction is a chemical RXN in which the atoms of a certain element gain e and become negatively charged. always happen together |
| what do the coefficients in a chemical equation tell us? | amount & proportion of reactants and products in the reaction |
| what is a precipitate? | when a compound comes out of a solution |
| what kind of acid is used in glass etching? | HF |
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LCA678
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