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PlanesTrainsRegions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Superior / Cephalic | Toward the head; toward the upper part of a structure |
| Inferior / Caudal | Away from the head; toward the lower part of the body |
| Anterior / Ventral / Frontal | Nearer to or at the front of the body |
| Posterior / Dorsal | Nearer to or at the back of the body; of the top of the foot |
| Medial | Nearer to the midline of the body |
| Lateral | Farther from the midline of the body |
| Proximal | Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk |
| Distal | Away from the attachment of a limb to the trunk |
| External / Superficial | Toward the surface of the body |
| Internal / Deep | Away from the surface of the body |
| Palmar | Palm of the hand |
| Plantar | Sole of the foot |
| Dorsum | Top of the foot |
| Unilateral | One side of the body |
| Bilateral | Both sides of the body |
| Ipsilateral | Same side of the body |
| Contralateral | Opposite side of the body |
| Sagittal plane | Divides body into left and right sections |
| Mid sagittal or Median sagittal plane | Right and left sides are equal |
| Coronal or Frontal plane | Divides body into front and back sections |
| Horizontal or Transverse plane | Divides body into top and bottom sections |
| Abduction | Movement away from the axis of the trunk |
| Adduction | Movement toward the axis of the trunk |
| Circumduction | Circular movement of joint |
| Flexion | Bringing bones together; bending |
| Extension | Moving bones apart; straightening |
| Eversion | Turning the sole of the foot outward |
| Inversion | Turning the sole of the foot inward |
| Dorsiflexion | Bringing the top of the foot toward the anterior surface of the tibia |
| Plantar flexion | Moving the sole of the foot downward toward the floor |
| Supine | Lying on back, face up |
| Prone | Lying face down |
| Recumbent position | Lying down ventral, dorsal, lateral |
| Erect position | Upright; standing or sitting |
| Lateral postion | Patient’s side against the surface |
| Oblique position | Part is angled to the surface; RPO, LPO, RAO, LAO |
| Fowler’s position | Patient in bed with the head of the bed elevated 45o – 60o |
| Trendelenburg position | Recumbent with the feet higher than the head |
| Sim’s position | Semi-prone on left side with right leg bent and drawn forward |
| Cranial cavity | Brain and pituitary gland |
| Spinal cavity | Nerve tissue of the spinal cord |
| Thoracic cavity | Upper cavity houses pericardial cavity, pleural cavity and mediastinum |
| Abdominal cavity | Lower cavity houses digestive organs , peritoneum & retroperitoneal space |
| Pelvic cavity | Portions of intestines, reproductive organs, ureters, bladder, urethra |
| Cervical spine | Bones of the neck C1- C7 |
| Thoracic spine | Bones of the upper back T1-T12 |
| Lumbar spine | Bones of the lower back L1-L5 |
| Sacrum and Coccyx | Distal portion of the spine; the sacrum is 5 fused vertebrae and the coccyx is 3 |
| Skeletal System | Protection, Support, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Mineral Homeostasis, Energy Storage |
| Muscular System | Posture, Movement,Generate heat |
| Cardiovascular System | Pump blood throughout the body |
| Lymphatic &Immune Systems | Protect the body from harmful substances. Transport system for capillary seepage. |
| Respiratory System | Bring oxygen into the body and carry carbon dioxide waste out |
| Digestive System | Digestion, Absorption, |
| Elimination | |
| Urinary System | Filtration, Excretion, Reabsorption |
| Fluid and electrolyte balance | |
| Nervous System | Transmits messages through the body. Coordinates the reception of stimuli |
| Integumentary System | Protection, Thermoregulation, Cutaneous Sensation, Secretion, Synthesis |
| Endocrine System | Glands that secrete hormones that integrate and control the body's metabolic activity |
| Reproductive System | Production of germ cells |
| needed for procreation |
Created by:
barbarabenson
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