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Physics

Physics - Atomic Structure

QuestionAnswer
When J J Thomson discovered the electron in 1897, what did he think the atom looked like? a plum pudding
Who discovered the neutron in 1932? James Chadwick
What did Niels Bohr add to the Rutherford Atomic model? electron orbits
The Rutherford scattering experiment proved the existence of what? the nucleus
Why did Rutherford use gold foil in his experiment? it can be made very thin
In the current model of the atom, what are the two particles that are present in the nucleus? protons & neutrons
How many times bigger is the atom compared to the nucleus? 10,000
What is 'mass'? the amount of matter an object contains (measured in g or kg)
What is the 'mass number'? The total number of protons and neutrons
What is the 'atomic number'? the number of protons
What does 'ionise' mean? to convert an uncharged atom into a charged one by adding or removing particles
What is an 'ion'? an atom that has lost or gained one or more electron
What are 'isotopes'? forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
atoms are normally.... neutral
When does an atom become a positively-charged ion? when it LOSES one or more electrons
When does an atom become a negatively-charged ion? when it GAINS one or more electrons
hat did Ernest Rutherford direct at a thin gold leaf in 1905? alpha particles
Most alpha particles going straight through the gold foil tells us that … the atom is mostly space
What type of radiation is the least penetrating and can be stopped by skin, paper or a few cm of air? alpha
What type of radiation is fairly penetrating and may be stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium? beta
What type of radiation is the most penetrating and is reduced by thick lead? gamma
Give two safety precautions that should be taken when handling radioactive sources? hold it away from the body and do not point it towards other people
Created by: samfitter
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