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Hallucinogen
3143 Quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hallucinogens | Drugs that cause hallucination |
| Phantastica | Drugs that create a world of fantasy |
| Psychedelics | "Mind-viewing" drugs |
| Psychotomimetics | Drugs produce effects that mimic psychosis |
| Name the three groups of Hallucinogens (in terms of chemical structure) | Phantastics, Deliriants, and Anticholinergic Hallucinogens |
| Name the two hallucinogenic groups comprising Phantastics | Indole Hallucinogens (LSD, Psilocybin, DMT) and Catechole Hallucinogens (Mescaline, MDA, MDMA, STP) |
| What kinds of drugs are considered deliriants? | PCP and PCP like drugs (Ketamine, Detromethorphan & Nitrous Oxide) |
| What kinds of drugs are considered Anticholinergic Hallucinogens? | Belladonna, Mandrake, Henbane |
| What is the most potent of hallucinogens? | LSD; 0.1 mg of LSD is equal to 3 mg STP, 10 mg Psilocybin, 200 mg DMT, and 400-800 mg Mescaline |
| All hallucinogens, with the exception of _______, share common effects of use. | PCP |
| Mental Effects of Hallucinogens include: | Disorientation, paranoia, anxiety, unpredictable behavior, hallucinations, euphoria. Can last 12 hrs |
| Physical Effects of Hallucinogens include: | Increased pulse rate and blood pressure, sleeplessness and tremors, convulsions, coma, heart and lung failure, lack of muscle coordination, and sparce/incoherent speech. |
| What are the 3 ingredients of LSD? | Lysergic acid, diethylamine, and Trifluoracetic acid |
| How does LSD affect the brain? | By acting on serotonin receptors. |
| LSD is the most potent hallucinogen; is it safe in large quantities? | It is very safe- The LD is 400 times the ED, and no direct deaths have been reported. |
| Cross tolerance develops between three hallucinogens in particular. Which drugs are part of this? | LSD, Mescaline, and Psilocybin. |
| Where is LSD metabolized? | The liver |
| Tolerance for LSD builds quickly; does it cause any physical addiction? | Nope. |
| Latency period of LSD for oral intake vs. injection. | 45 mins. for oral intake; 5 minutes for injection. |
| How long does LSD last? | 10-16 hrs. |
| What are the physical effects of LSD? | Tingling in the extremities, numbness, nausea, anorexia, flushed appearance, chillness, dilation of pupils, high blood pressure, blood sugar, and body temperature. |
| Name the reasons people misuse and abuse LSD | Creativity. Spiritual Search. Pleasure and Excitement. |
| What are the dangers of LSD misuse and abuse? | Deceit. Bad trips/flashbacks. No direct death has been reported- encourages use and causes many indirect deaths. |
| What is the normal mode of ingestion for Psilocybin mushrooms? | Usually ingested; may be dried and smoked. |
| Effects depend on dose for Psilocybin. What effect does up to 4 mg of Psilcybin have on the body? | Relaxation and some body sensations. Sympathetic arousal symptoms. |
| Effects depend on dose for Psilocybin. What effect does more than 4 mg of Psilcybin have on the body? | Perceptual and body-image concepts change; sometimes causes hallucinations. Sympathetic arousal symptoms. |
| What chemical change in the body gives "magic mushrooms" their effects? | It is activated through conversion to psilocin, which occurs naturally through the process of digestion. |
| Effects depend on dose for Psilocybin. What effect does 10-20 mg of Psilcybin have on the body? | Muscles relax, pupils dilate, and you experience vivid visual, auditory, and emotional distortions/disturbances. |
| How long do the effects of Psilocybin and Psilocin last? | Effects last 8 hours |
| What is another name for the magic mushrooms, Psilocybin? | Tryptamines. |
| What is the primary active ingredient in the peyote cactus? | Trimeth... AKA mescaline |
| Most mescaline is excreted unchanged. Does it absorb rapidly or slowly? | Mescaline absorbs rapidly when taken orally. |
| Most hallucinogens have a life of 12 hours- what about mescaline? | Effects last 6 hours |
| How safe is mescaline? | Relatively safe; the LD is 10 to 30 times the ED. |
| What is the mode of administration for DMT? | DMT is usually snuffed, smoked, or taken by injection- it is ineffective when taken orally. |
| Are the effects of DMT brief or long lasting? | The effects are brief |
| DOM used to be known as ___ | STP (Serenity, Tranquility, Peace) |
| DOM has effects similar to those of ____ and ____ | Mescaline and LSD |
| PCP is very close to the depressant ____ | Ketamine. Both functioned as veterinary tranquilizers before they became abused. Dextromethorphan and nitrous oxide are also very similar. |
| As a veterinary drug in the 50s, PCP was called ____; in the 60's it was called ___. | Sernylan; PeaCe Pill. Other street names include angel dust, crystal, super grass, elephant tranquilizers. |
| PCP alters which receptor in the neurotransmitter systems? | Sigma receptor |
| Does PCP produce visual hallucinations? | Rarely, but yes in some cases. |
| What are the modes of administration for PCP? | May be smoked, ingested orally, snorted, or injected. |
| What is the latency period for PCP, when does it peak, and how long does it last? | It's effects from smoking a standard dosage (5-10 mg) take place within 2-5 mins, peaks in 15-30 mins, and lasts 4-6 hours |
| Name the psychological effects of PCP | Anxiety. Agitation. Body image distortion. Euphoria. Depersonalization. Distorted Thought Process. Hallucinations (rare). |
| Name the physiological effects of PCP | Nystagmus (rapid eye movement). Depressed light reflex. Blurred vision. Diminished pain and temperature sensations. Loss of muscle control (ataxia). Tremors. Slurred speech. Nausea and vomiting. Increased resp. rate, pulse, BP, urine output, and body temp |
| Name the effects of a HIGH DOSE of PCP | Alternate periods of sleep and wakefulness. Convulsions. Comatose (up to 12 hrs). Arrhythmia. Decreased respiratory rate, BP, and urine output. Respiratory Arrest. Death. |
| What two properties make Ketamines perfect anesthetic? | They have both analgesic and amnesic effects, also associated with less confusion, irrationality, and violence than PCP. |
| Ketamines can be taken orally, snorted, or injected. How long after oral or intranasal administration do effects become evident, and how long do they last? | Effects take 10-15 mins to be effective; they last over an hour. |
| Low doses of Ketamines produce what effects? | Vertigo, ataxia, slurred speech, slow reaction time, and euphoria. |
| High doses of Ketamines produce what effects? | Amnesia and coma. |
| MDMA is a synthetic psychoactive drug chemically similar to ____ and ____. | Methamphetamine and mescaline. |
| Why is MDMA (Ecstasy) misused? | For it's energizing effect as well as distortions in time and perception and enhanced tactile experiences. It produces strong feelings of comfort, empathy, and connections to others. Sexualy freeing. It is considered a party drug at raves and technos. |
| Name the effects of MDMA (Ecstasy): | Heightened sense of closeness with others. Increased heart rate and blood pressure. Euphoria. Increased sociability. Other autonomic effects. |
| Where does the majority of MDMA in the US come from? | Clandestine labs in the Netherlands and Belgium. |
| Name harmful effects of MDMA: | Interferes w/ metabolism. Increases BP, HR, & muscle tension. Teeth clenching. Blurred vision. Faintness. Chills/Sweating. Brain cell death/mem loss. Interferes w/ temp regulation, which can result in liver, kidney, & cardiovascular system failure ->death |
| Do MDMA users experience withdrawal? | Yes; 60% of INdividuals report symptoms including fatigue, loss of appetite, depression, and trouble concentrating. |
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