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Patho Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nurse is assessing patients for the development of acute pyelonephritis. Which factor places the patient at highest risk of developing acute pyelonephritis? urinary obstruction diabetes respiratory disease. glomerulonephritis. | urinary obstruction Correct: Urinary obstruction and reflux of urine from the bladder are the most common underlying risk factors for acute pyelonephritis. |
| primary and secondary glomerular injury antigen-antibody complexes that deposit within the glomerulus hydronephrosis from kidney stones. viral infection in the blood stream that migrates to the glomerulus. | antigen-antibody complexes that deposit within the glomerulus . The most common type of immune injury is due to the antigen-antibody complexes within the glomerulus. |
| Patient has kidney stones. The NP Recommends using ultrasound waves to break large renal calculi into smaller stones that can be passed through the urinary tract. Pyelography Lithotripsy Renal biopsy Enterocystoplasty | Lithotripsy Correct! Lithotripsy is a noninvasive way to treat kidney stones with ultrasound waves. |
| causes of lower urinary tract obstruction. The nurse explains that obstruction of the lower urinary tract in males is often caused by: congenital stricture of a calyx. prostate enlargement. pelvic organ prolapse. urinary tract infection. | prostate enlargement. Correct! Prostate enlargement from benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostate cancer obstructs the male urethra as it passes through the gland. |
| Which of the following patients is most at risk for the development of renal cell carcinoma? A menopausal woman An elderly active male A nonsmoker female patient A obese male patient . | A obese male patient Correct: Renal cell carcinoma occurs two times more often in men than women. Tobacco use and obesity are also risk factors. |
| pain due to kidney stones. It's caused by dilation and spasms of smooth muscle because of the urethral obstruction. Which clinical manifestation is the patient experiencing? renal colic. pyuria. urge incontinence. an abdominal mass. | renal colic. Correct! Renal colic is the flank pain that occurs with obstruction of the proximal ureter or renal pelvis. |
| The nurse is assessing a patient with bladder cancer. Which of the following is a typical finding for patients with bladder cancer? Hematuria No answer text provided. No answer text provided. No answer text provided. | Hematuria Correct! Hematuria is the archetypal clinical manifestation of bladder cancer. |
| The nurse is assessing the patient for overactive bladder syndrome. Which of the following will help confirm the diagnosis? Nocturia Dysuria Proteinuria Hematuria | Nocturia Correct! Overactive bladder is characterized by urinary urgency, frequency and nocturia with or without incontinence. |
| bladder dysfunction caused by neurologic disorders like stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia and brain tumors. this type of bladder dysfunction? Pyelonephritis Overactive bladder syndrome Neurogenic bladder Renal calculi complications | Neurogenic bladder Correct! Neurogenic bladder is the term for bladder dysfunction caused by neurologic disorders. Examples of neurogenic bladder include detrusor hyperreflexia, vescicosphincter dyssynergia, and detrusor areflexia/acontractile. |
| A patient has a dilated ureter from an obstructed upper urinary tract. Which term will the nurse use to describe this condition? Hydronephrosis Hydroureter Ureterohydronephrosis Ureterduct | Hydroureter Correct! Dilation of the ureter is referred to as hydroureter (accumulation of urine in the ureter). |
| A male patient has an abnormal dilation of the spermatic/testicular vein. What term will the nurse use to describe this condition? Angiocele Spermatocele Varicocele Hydrocele | Varicocele An abnormal dilation of a vein within the spermatic cord that can lead to infertility is known as a varicocele. |
| A patient has vaginal cancer. While the nurse is obtaining the history from the patient, the nurse will find that the patient was most likely exposed to: tamoxifen. Tylenol. ibuprofen. DES. | DES. Exposure in utero to nonsteroidal estrogens (diethylstilbestrol [DES]) also has been identified as a risk factor for vaginal cancer. |
| A patient has a cystocele. What other condition should the nurse assess for in this patient? Stress incontinence Significant problems defecating The descent of the rectum into the vaginal canal Infertility | Stress incontinence A cystocele occurs when the bladder descends into the anterior aspect of the vaginal canal and usually results in bladder control problems such as stress incontinence. |
| A female patient has painful intercourse. Which term should the nurse use to describe this condition? Anorgasmia Vaginismus Dyspareunia Infertility | Dyspareunia Dyspareunia (painful intercourse) is common. |
| Which of the following can the nurse suggest to women to protect against the development of breast cancer? Regular exercise Birth control pills Not having children Alcohol use | Regular exercise Regular physical activity may reduce overall risk of breast cancer and may be related to weight loss and subsequent alterations in hormone levels. |
| Which term should the nurse use when describing the occurrence of sexual maturation in girls before the age of 8 and in boys before the age of 9? Delayed puberty Congenital hypopituitarism Precocious puberty Klinefelter syndrome | Precocious puberty Early sexual maturation is a rare condition known as precocious puberty. |
| Dermoid cysts are tumors that contain elements of skin, hair, glands, muscle, cartilage, and bone that can eventually develop into: ovarian cancer. uterine fibroids. benign breast tumors. follicular cysts. | ovarian cancer. Dermoid cysts are ovarian tumors that are generally asymptomatic but must be removed to prevent the development of ovarian cancer. |
| Benign ovarian cysts are classified as: subserous, submucous, or intramural. follicular, corpus luteum/luteal, or dermoid. hyperplastic, atrophic, or functional. stage I, II, III or IV. | follicular, corpus luteum/luteal, or dermoid. Benign ovarian cysts are classified as follicular, corpus luteum/luteal, and dermoid. |
| A female patient has painful intercourse. Which term should the nurse use to describe this condition? Anorgasmia Vaginismus Dyspareunia Infertility | Dyspareunia Dyspareunia (painful intercourse) is common. |
| Gastrectomy surgery leads to a vitamin B12 deficiency anemia vitamin B decreased volvulus production affects vitamin B pepsin is required for the conversion of vitamin B decreased intrinsic factor production results in decreased vitamin B | decreased intrinsic factor production results in decreased vitamin B The stomach secretes intrinsic factor, which is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum. |
| reflux esophagitis the autoimmune destruction of the esophageal lining. dysplasia of the epithelial lining of the esophagus. a congenital anomaly of the esophagus. an inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux. | an inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux. Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory response to the mucosal injury from acid and enzymes that occur with gastroesophageal reflux. |
| ulcerative colitis the disease begins in the rectum and may advance back through the colon in a continuous manner. begins in the rectum and advances up through the colon in a continuous manner and does not "skip" parts of the mucosa. | the disease begins in the rectum and may advance back through the colon in a continuous manner. Ulcerative colitis begins in the rectum and advances up through the colon in a continuous manner and does not "skip" parts of the mucosa. |
| Which assessment finding is common in a patient with Crohn's disease? Significant blood loss in diarrhea Gastroesophageal reflux Vitamin B Mucosal erosions of the rectum | Vitamin B Vitamin B12 malabsorption due to injury to the mucosa of the ileum is a common characteristic of Crohn's disease. |
| Which statement indicates that the patient is confused about constipation? One common cause of constipation includes: inadequate fluid intake. laxative use. a low-fiber diet. opioid medications. | laxative use. Laxatives are used to treat constipation and can cause diarrhea. |
| what can cause liver cirrhosis. Common causes of liver cirrhosis are hepatitis C and: alcoholism. cocaine abuse. overdose of antibiotic medications. liver cancer. | alcoholism. High alcohol consumption causes liver injury and inflammation resulting in fibrosis and scarring of the liver. |
| Which of the following disorders is most commonly associated with bright red blood in the stools? Mallory-Weiss tear Peptic ulcers Colorectal cancer bleeding. Hernia | Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer is a common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. |
| Which of the following complications will cause the most concern for a nurse who is caring for a patient with a paraesophageal hiatal hernia? Ulcers Gastroesophageal reflux Gastritis Strangulation | Strangulation Strangulation of the hernia is a major complication. |
| Which of the following will be an initial assessment finding for a stress ulcer in a patient who sustained severe trauma? Abdominal pain Peritonitis Gastrointestinal bleeding Dumping syndrome | Gastrointestinal bleeding The first sign of stress ulcers is often acute gastrointestinal bleeding. |
| small bowel obstruction. Which classic symptoms Nausea, dyspnea, and mid-back pain Vomiting, colicky abdominal pain, and abdominal distension Diarrhea, pelvic pain, and dysuria Fever, heartburn, and mouth ulcers | Vomiting, colicky abdominal pain, and abdominal distension Crampy/colicky pains followed by vomiting and distention are the cardinal symptoms of small bowel obstruction. |
Created by:
Juels1110
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