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CNS Drugs
Central Nervous System Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 2 basic functions of the central nervous system? | Sensory reception Motor Reaction |
| What are the 2 types of junctions of a neuron? | Synapse Neuro-effector junction |
| Synapse junction is between...? | 2 neurons |
| Neuro-effector junction is between...? | a neuron and a muscle or gland cell |
| What drug is primarily tranquilizers, mild sedation that have beneficial side effects like an antiemetic, antiarrhythmic and antihistamine properties but painful or frightening stimuli can override the tranquilizing effect? | Acepromazine |
| What alpha-2 adrenergic agonists is reversed by Yohimbine and/or Tolazoline? | Xylazine |
| What drug produces a state of sedation accompanied by analgesia but the period of analgesia is shorter than that of the sedation? | Xylazine |
| What drug is a sedative with potent analgesic activity and can cause a marked reflex bradycardia and transient hypertension? | Detomidine |
| What alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is licensed for use in horses? | Detomidine |
| What alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is reversed by atipamezole? | Dexmedetomidine |
| What drug is a sedative and analgesic commonly combined with other agents. Chemical restraint during clinical examination or minor surgical procedures? | Dexmedetomidine |
| What benzodiazepine drug is human label but used extensively in small animal medicine? | Diazepam (valium) |
| What drug can be given PO to treat behavioural problems and appetite stimulation? | Diazepam (Valium) |
| What benzodiazepine drug is reversed by flumazenil? | Midazolam Hydrochloride |
| What drug acts powerfully as a anxiolytic, amnestic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant and sadative? | Midazolam Hydrochloride |
| What drug is licensed for use in pigs, has a rapid onset of action injected IM? | Azaperone |
| List the opioid receptors from most potent to least potent | Mu Kappa Sigma Delta |
| What opioid is the oldest and the strength of other opiates are compared to it? | Morphine |
| What drug is extremely potent (100x that of morphine) primarily used alone for analgesia? | Fentanyl |
| What drug is opioid is not considered a narcotic but is a controlled drug and requires inventory control and security? | Butorphanol |
| What drug is is known to have the "ceiling effect" and is very commonly used as an pre and post op analgesic? | Butorphanol |
| What opioid is 8-10x morphine, used alone as an analgesic and side effects include respiratory depression and reduced HR | Oxymorphone |
| What drug is a synthetic narcotic that has 1/10th the analgesic effect, commonly used in a pre-anesthetic "drug cocktail" | Meperidine |
| What drug is semi-synthetic narcotic analgesic 5x more potent than morphine that often causes transient nausea and vomiting (especially if IV) | Hydromorphone |
| What drug has a long duration of action (6-12hrs) or slow- release injectable form up to 3days. Good for cats, less dysphoria! | Buprenorphine |
| What drug is a oral synthetic codeine-analogue and SNRI but only mimics that of an SNRI in canines | Tramadol |
| What reversal agent is used for opioid respiratory depression in neonates and dysphoria in patients that has overdosed. Only need a drop under tongue for neonate dosing. | Naloxone |
| What is the most commonly used local anesthetic that cats can be sensitive to? | Lidocaine |
| What local anesthetic is available for horses and dogs that has a slightly slower onset of action than lidocaine but its duration of action is longer? | Mepivacaine |
| What drug is 2-4x more potent than lidocaine and provides up to 12hrs of effect which can be combined with morphine for epidural anesthesia? | Bupivacaine |
| What barbiturate is ultrashort-acting and currently unavailable in Canada? | Thiopental sodium |
| What barbiturate is considered long-acting, often given orally as an anticonvulsant and not used as a general anesthetic agent? | Phenobarbital sodium |
| What drug is used to humanely end an animals life. | Euthanasia solutions |
| What is the most commonly used dissociative agent? | Ketamine |
| What induction drug is ultrashort-acting, noncumulative and has a rapid recovery (within 30mins). Safe for sight hounds and does not cause sloughing if given perivascularly? | Propofol |
| What drug is one of the newest available for induction that can be given IV or IM? | Alfaxalone |
| What induction drug is centrally acting relaxant used in large animal anesthesia to induce, help maintain ax, lower amount of other drugs needed? | Guaifenesin |
| What inhalant anesthetic is most commonly used and considered one of the safest particularly for patients with cardiac or liver problems? | Isoflurane |
| What inhalant anesthetic produces a generalized, reversible depression of the CNS. Provides faster induction and recovery, less odor and produces less cardiovascular and respiratory depression; higher risk patients but costs more $$$? | Sevoflurane |
| What inhalant anesthetic is not commonly used in small animals. used 2:1 ratio with oxygen. To prevent diffusion hypoxia patient must me oxygenated for at least 5mins post op | Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas) |
| What drug is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant effects? | Diazepam |
| What anticonvulsant may be used in addition to phenobarb to help prevent seizures. both take serval weeks to reach peak plasma levels in the bloodstream? | Potassium Bromide |
| What anticonvulsant can be used as a sole agent in epileptic tx. reaches PP levels much faster but TID dosing | Levetiracetam |
| What anticonvulsant is commonly prescribed in Canada that is similar to levetiracetam? | Zonisamide |
| What anticonvulsant has some analgesic effects? | Gabapentin |
Created by:
SelinaW
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