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PORTS AND HARBORS
Ports and Harbors Terms
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| A protected water area to provide safe and suitable accommodation for ships for the transfer of cargo, refueling, repairs, etc. | Harbor |
| harbors protected from storms and waves by the natural configuration of the land. | Natural harbors |
| harbors with both natural and artificial protection. | Semi-natural harbors |
| harbors protected from the effect of waves by means of breakwaters, or harbors created by dredging | Artificial harbors |
| A sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo. It includes the harbor with its approach channels and anchorage places. Ports may be subdivided into: | Port |
| Ports located on coasts, tidal estuaries or river mouths where the port can be reached directly by ocean-going ships. | Ocean ports |
| ports located on navigable rivers, channels and lakes. | Inland waterway ports |
| a navigable channel in a harbor, offshore etc; the usual course taken by vessels in such places. | Fairway |
| A place where the ship can moor. In the case of a quay or jetty structure, it will include the section of the structure where labor, equipment and cargo move to and from the ship. | Berth |
| An artificial landing place for the loading and unloading of ships. Berth structures can be subdivided into: | Berth structure |
| A continuous structure built parallel to along the margin of the sea or alongside riverbanks, canals, or waterways where vessels may lie alongside to receive or discharge cargo, embark or disembark passengers or lie at rest | Wharf |
| this term can be substituted to wharf when applied to great solid structures in large ports. | Quay |
| In stability calculation of gravity type quaywall, the following matters should be examined: | (a) Sliding of the wall (b) Bearing capacity of foundation (c) Overturning of the wall (d) Circular slip and settlement |
| Any structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coastline and includes any stage, stair landing place, landing stage jetty, floating barge, and pontoon, any bridge or other works connected there with. | Pier |
| a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored | Jetty |
| a berth structure for mooring the ship on the open sea; An isolated piled or gravity structure used either to maneuver a ship or to facilitate holding it in position at its berth. | Dolphin |
| a type of dock consisting of a rectangular basin dug into the shore of a body of water and provided with a removable enclosure wall or gate on the side toward the water, used for major repairs and overhaul of vessels. | Dry Dock |
| (significant wave height H1/3 and significant wave period T1/3) | Significant Wave |
| The waves in a wave group are rearranged in the order of their heights and the highest one-third are selected; the significant wave is then the hypothetical wave whose height and period are the mean height and period of the selected waves. | Significant Wave |
| (highest wave height Hmax and highest period Tmax) is the highest wave in a wave group | Highest Wave |
| (H1/10, T1/10) is the wave whose height and period are equal to the mean height and period of the highest one-tenth of the waves in a wave group | Highest One-Tenth Wave |
| (mean wave height H , mean period T ) is the wave whose height and period are equal to the mean height and period of all of the waves in a wave group | Mean wave |
| (deepwater wave height H0 and deepwater wave period T0) is the wave at a place where the water depth is at least one-half of the wavelength; the wave parameters are expressed with those of the significant wave at this place. | Deepwater Waves |
| (H0’) is a hypothetical wave height that has been corrected for the effects of planar topographic changes such as refraction and diffraction; it is expressed with the significant wave height. | Equivalent Deepwater Wave Height |
| occurs in intermediate depth to shallow waters. The change in wave height and wave direction due to the change in local wave velocity caused in water depth. | Wave Refraction |
| is a phenomenon whereby waves wheel into region that is screened by something like a breakwater | Wave Diffraction |
| waves reflected from port and harbor facilities can exercise a large influence on the navigation of vessels and cargo handling. | Wave Reflection |
| one of the important factors that lead to changing of the wave height in coastal waters. It exemplifies the fact that the wave height in shallow waters is also governed by the water depth and wave period. | Wave Shoaling |
| At places where the water depth is no more than about three times the equivalent deepwater wave height decreases rapidly of the wave height due to wave breaking shall be considered. | Wave Breaking |
| the periodic rise and fall of sea level in response to the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon as modified by the earth’s rotation | Astronomical tide |
| the average of the sea water surface for all stages of the tide over a 19-year period | Mean Sea Level (MSL) |
| is the height of the low water over a 19-year period. | Mean Low Water (MWL) |
| the average height of the lower low waters over a 19-year period | Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) |
| is the average height of the high waters over a 19-year period. | Mean High Water (MHW) |
| – is the average height of the higher high water over a 19-year period. | Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) |
| is abnormal rise of the sea level that occurs when a typhoon passes by. This rise above normal level on this open coast is due to atmosphere pressure reduction as well as that due to wind stress. | Storm Surge |
| are wave with an extremely long period that mainly occur when there is a sudden large-scale sea floor movement usually associated severe, shallow focus earthquake | Tsunamis |
| phenomenon involving abnormal oscillations of the water level with a period of approximately a few minutes to a few tens of minutes. | Seiche |
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