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Digestive System
AP2, Dr. Cutler, GTCC
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What else is the digestive tract known as? | Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract) |
| What's the GI tracts main function? | Digestion and food absorption |
| GI Tract digest food via _____ with the help of ____, ____, ____, and ____. | Secretions; salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder |
| What does chemical digestion rely on in the mouth? | Salivary amylase |
| What does chemical digestion in the small intestines rely on? | liver, Pancreas, and gallbladder |
| What is the digestive role of the liver? | Produce bile; Exported to duodenum |
| What primarily stores, concentrates and release bile? | Gallbladder |
| What does the pancreas produce? | Pancreatic juice |
| How do we PHYSICALLY break down food using our teeth? | Mechanical digestion |
| How do we break down food into NUTRIENTS? | Chemical digestion |
| What part of digestion do we "ABSORB FATS" into blood and lymphatic system? | Absorption |
| Which tunic is the outer most layer; visceral peritoneum, slippery, moves freely and makes serous fluid? | Serosa |
| What Tunis is the 2nd layer containing muscles; the intestines squeeze to move or trap food? | Muscularis |
| Which tunic contains blood vessels, sticks food right into blood stream, is the nervous layer, and controls mucosa? | Sub-Mucosa |
| Which tunic is folded for more surface area, pulls food through, and makes contact with food? | Mucosa |
| What nervous system uses 2 plexuses? | Enteric Nervous System |
| What plexus is MOST INTERIOR and regulates gland activity; also known as plexus of Meissner? | Sub-muscosal nerve plexus |
| Which plexus regulates motility, is the "Gut N. S." and also known as the plexus of Auerbach? | Myenteric Nerve Plexus |
| What peritoneum is a thin clear wall lining the inner wall of abdominal cavity? | Parietal |
| Which peritoneum is the shiny layer on organs? | Visceral |
| What is the space between 2 peritoneum containing lubricating fluid? | Peritoneal Cavity |
| What is it called when too much fluid builds up in the peritoneal cavity and is life threatening? | Peritonitis |
| What is the double layer of peritoneum that provides webbing and holds the intestines together? | Mesentery |
| What connects duodenum to the abdominal wall? | Mesocolon |
| Which momentum acts like an apron that contains fat, prevents friction and can isolate specific intestines to localize infections? | Greater Omentum |
| Which peritoneal encloses abdominal organs on both sides and is IN FRONT? | INTRAperitoneal |
| Which peritoneal is BEHIND and ONLY covers the kidneys, duodenum, and head of the pancreas? | RETROperitoneal |
| Where does digestion begin? | Mouth |
| What is the name of the cavity that encloses the mouth? | Oral/Buccal Cavity |
| What ligament connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth? | Lingual Frenulum |
| What are the 3 functions of saliva? | 1. Cleans mouth 2. Moisten/Dissolve food 3. Contains food dissolving & anti-bacterial enzymes |
| What are the 3 glands that produce saliva? | 1. Parotid 2. Sublingual 3. Submandibular |
| What is made up of 97-99.5% water, lysozyme, mucin, and salivary amylase and lipase? | Saliva |
| What is the famous site of swelling and inflammation due to mumps virus? (Paramyxovirus - MMR Vaccine) | Parotid Gland |
| What gland empties into the mouth on either side of lingual frenulum? | Submandibular Gland |
| Which gland drains through ducts on the floor of the mouth; under tongue? | Sublingual Gland |
| Which pharynx vision is the nose? | NASOpharynx |
| Which pharynx division is the mouth? | OROpharynx |
| Which pharynx division is the larynx and where step lives? | LARYNGOpharynx |
| Which esophageal sphincter regulates the passage of food? | UPPER esophageal sphincter |
| Which esophageal sphincter prevents back flow? (GERD) | LOWER esophageal sphincter |
| What propels food towards the stomach? | Perstalisis |
| Chewing = ________ Swallowing = __________ | -Mastication -Deglutition |
| What are the 3 stages of Deglutition? | 1. Voluntary/Buccal phase 2.Pharyngeal Phase 3. Esophageal Phase |
| Where are nutrients, alcohol, absorbed and most of digestion that takes place located? | Small Intestines |
| What is a muscular tank designed to stop food, break protein and churn food into chyme? | Stomach |
| What are the 4 secretory cells in the stomach? | -Mucus-Neck: makes mucus -Parietal -Chief -Enteroendocrine: Hormone of system |
| What is the name of folds inside the stomach? | Rugae |
| What cell makes the secretion released when stomach is stretched? | G cells make Gastrin |
| What cells secrete the secretion released signaling to stop eating? | Delta cells make Somatostatin |
| Cell that secrete alkaline mucin to protect lining? | Mucous-neck cell |
| Cell that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor to absorb vitamin B12? | Parietal Cell |
| Cell that secrete pepsinogen to break down protein? | Chief Cell |
| Cells that secrete gastrin and somatostatin via g-cell & delta cell? | Enteroendocrine cell |
| What are the 3 phases of stomach secretion? % of acid response? | 1.Cephalic phase; 30% 2.Gastric Phase; 60% 3.Intestinal Phase; 10% |
| What secretion phase is activated when pH reaches/nears 1.5 in the stomach? | Gastric Phase |
| What is the estimated time for peristaltic contractions to move chyme? | 4 hours |
| What is known as reverse peristalsis? | Vomiting |
| What sends 2 types of impulses to the medulla oblongata? | Emetic Center |
| What calms nausea? | Anti-Emetic |
| What is approximately 20ft long, food is moved via segmentation & peristalsis and is where most nutrient absorption & chemical digestion takes place? | Small Intestine |
| What increases the surface area of the small intestines? | Circular Folds |
| What covers the top of circular folds like carpet? | Villi |
| Where are nutrients specifically absorbed in the small intestines? "Brush border" | Microvilli |
| What structure absorbs fats and carries it to the heart via blood in the small intestines? | Lacteal |
| Where do blood, venules, amino acids, fats enter through the liver and then to the body as clean blood? | Hepatic Portal Vein |
| Whats the first 10" of S.I. that begins at pyloric valve, produces secretin & cholecystokinin where bile enters gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes enter? | Duodenum |
| What is released by duodenum in response to HCI and made by S-cells? | Secretin |
| If the pH in duodenum is greater than ____, then ____ can't be released. | 4.5pH; Secretin |
| What makes whole come down, stops you from eating more after full, and causes the gallbladder to secrete bile? | Cholecystokinin "CCK" |
| What part of S.I. is 8", rich with blood supply, has circular folds, villi, and brush border? | Jejunum |
| Which part of S.I. is 12" has less blood, peters patches and has thin walls? | Illieum |
| What are clusters of lymphatic nodules, only found in illieum, "tonsils of the intestine"? | Peyers Patches |
| 5 functions of the liver. | 1.Secrete/produce bile 2. Store/release glucose 3.Produce protein for blood coagulation 4. store vitamins/carbs/fats/iron 5. Detoxifies poisons |
| What separates the the 4 lobes of the liver? | Falciform Ligament |
| What carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart TO the liver? | Hepatic Artery |
| What carries deoxygenated blood from the digestive system coming to the liver for cleaning? | Hepatic Portal Vein |
| What carries deoxygenated blood from liver TO right side of the heart? | Hepatic Vein |
| What are liver cells arranged into lobules? | Hepatocytes |
| What's a hexagon shape and drained by a venue in center called central vein? | Lobule |
| What makes up the hepatic portal triad? | -Arteriole, Venule, Canaliculus |
| Bile goes the _____ direction into the _____. | Opposite;Gallbladder |
| What kind of blood does each lobule receive in the intestines? | Nutrient rich venous blood |
| What cells phagocytize bacteria, dead RBC's and debris out? | Kupffer Cells |
| What are spongy filter that drain into the central vein between tall rows of hepatic cellular plates? | Sinusoids |
| 4 functions of hepatocytes. | 1. Add albumin, fibrinogen 2. Gluconeogenesis & storage of glycogen 3. Synthesize bile salt from oxidized cholecystokinin 4. Remove toxins, drugs, hormones |
| What emulsifies large fat droplets? | Bile |
| What does bile help remove from broken down RBC's? | Bilirubin |
| Bile is necessary because it allows protein to bind ____, ____ absorbs for muscle contractions. | Calcium |
| What is necessary to release from food so the liver can make clotting factors? | Vitamin K 1 |
| What causes the gallbladder to contract & release bile? | CCK |
| What cell secrete digestive enzymes? | Acinar Cells |
| What cells secrete bicarbonate? | Epithelial Cells |
| What releases bile & pancreatic juice and joins common bile duct at ampulla & enter duodenum? | Sphincter of Oddi |
| 3 steps/pathway for bile to move from liver to duodenum. | 1.Secrete R & L hepatic duct 2. Common bile duct 3. Overflow rises cystic duct and collects in the gallbladder |
| What regulates water leaving feces behind? | Large intestines |
| What are pouches that can be clamped and contract to move waste along every 30mins? | Haustra |
| Large intestines convert ____ into ____ by intestinal microbiota. | Vitamin K1; Vitamin K2 |
Created by:
Angiee0412
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