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Ch6 Net+ Definitions
Chapter 6 - Network+ Guide to Networks Definitions
| Acronym | Term | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | association | In the context of wireless networking, the communication that occurs between a wireless client and an access point enabling the client to connect to the network via that access point. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | authentication | The process of comparing and matching a client’s credentials with the credentials in a client database to enable the client to log on to the network. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | band | A specific frequency range on the wireless spectrum. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | beacon frame | In the context of wireless networking, a frame issued by an access point to alert other nodes of its existence. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | Bluetooth | A low-power wireless technology that provides close-range communication between devices such as PCs, smartphones, tablets, and accessories. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | brute force attack | An attempt to discover an encryption key or password by trying numerous possible character combinations until the correct combination is found |
| BSS | basic service set | In IEEE terminology, a group of stations that share an access point. |
| BSSID | basic service set identifier | In IEEE terminology, the identifier for a BSS (basic service set). |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | captive portal | The first page displayed by a client’s browser when the client connects to a guest network. This page usually requires the user to agree to a set of terms and conditions before gaining further access to the guest network. |
| CAPWAP | Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points | A proprietary protocol created by Cisco to replace LWAPP. Both LWAPP and CAPWAP make centralized wireless management possible. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | channel bonding | In the context of 802.11n and 802.11ac wireless technology, the combination of two or more adjacent 20-MHz frequency bands to create one 40-, 60-, 80-, or 120-MHz channel. |
| CSMA/CA | Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance | A type of wireless LAN in which stations communicate directly with each other (rather than using an access point). |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | data frame | An 802.11 frame type that is responsible for carrying data between stations. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | diffraction | In the context of wireless signal propagation, the phenomenon that occurs when an electromagnetic wave encounters an obstruction and splits into secondary waves. |
| DSSS | direct sequence spread spectrum | A modulation technique that, like other spread-spectrum technologies, distributes lower-level signals over several frequencies simultaneously. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | encryption | The use of an algorithm to scramble data into a format that can be read only by reversing the algorithm—that is, by decrypting the data—to keep the information private. |
| ESS | extended service set | A group of access points and associated stations (or basic service sets) connected to the same LAN. |
| ESSID | extended service set identifier | A special identifier shared by BSSes that belong to the same ESS. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | evil twin | An exploit in which a rogue access point masquerades as a legitimate access point, using the same SSID and potentially other identical settings. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | fading | A variation in a wireless signal’s strength as a result of some of the electromagnetic energy being scattered, reflected, or diffracted after being issued by the transmitter. |
| FHSS | frequency hopping spread spectrum | A wireless signaling technique in which a signal jumps between several different frequencies within a band in a synchronization pattern known to the channel’s receiver and transmitter. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | frequency hopping | A process performed by some wireless devices to help reduce interference by quickly hopping between frequencies within a given band of frequencies. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | guest network | A separate wireless network created through a Wi-Fi router or access point to protect a private network while still providing guests with access to the Internet. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | infrastructure | A type of wireless network in which stations communicate through an access point and not directly with each other. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | interference | Degradation of a wireless signal caused by electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere. |
| IoT | Internet of Things | Any device connected to the Internet. |
| IR | infrared | A wireless technology that uses a bandwidth just below the spectrum that is visible to the human eye, with longer wavelengths than red light. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | iwconfig | A command-line utility for viewing and setting wireless interface parameters on Linux and UNIX workstations. |
| LCC sublayer | Logical Link Control | A sublayer of Layer 2 that is primarily concerned with multiplexing, flow and error control, and reliability. |
| LOS | line of sight | A wireless signal or path that travels directly in a straight line from its transmitter to its intended receiver. |
| LWAPP | Lightweight Access Point Protocol | A wireless protocol created by Cisco that makes centralized wireless management possible. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | MAC filtering | A security measure that prevents an AP or a switch from authenticating any device whose MAC address is not listed by the network administrator as an approved device. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | MAC sublayer | The lower portion of the Data Link layer that is specifically involved with managing MAC addresses in message frames. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | mesh | A wireless network in which multiple APs work as peer devices on the same network, thereby providing more fault-tolerant network access to clients. |
| MIMO | multiple input-multiple output | In the context of 802.11n/ac wireless networking, the ability for access points to use multiple antennas in order to issue multiple signals to stations, thereby multiplying the signal’s strength and increasing their range and data-carrying capacity. |
| MU-MIMO | multiuser MIMO | In the context of 802.11ac wireless networking, the ability for access points to use multiple antennas in order to issue multiple signals to different stations at the same time, thereby reducing congestion and contributing to faster data transmission. |
| NFC | near-field communication | A form of radio communication that transfers data wirelessly over very short distances (usually 10 cm or less). |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | off-boarding | The reverse process of on-boarding, involving the removal of programs that gave a device special permissions on the network. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | omnidirectional antenna | A type of antenna that issues and receives wireless signals with equal strength and clarity in all directions. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | on-boarding | A process of configuring clients for wireless access to a network. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | paired | A term used to describe two Bluetooth devices that are communicating with each other. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | probe | (3) In 802.11 wireless networking, a type of frame issued by a station during active scanning to find nearby access points. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | propagation | The way in which a wave travels from one point to another |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | radiation pattern | The relative strength over a threedimensional area of all the electromagnetic energy an antenna sends or receives. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | range | The geographical area in which signals issued from an antenna or wireless system can be consistently and accurately received. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | reassociation | In the context of wireless networking, the process by which a station establishes a connection with (or associates with) a different access point. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | reflection | In the context of wireless signaling, the phenomenon that occurs when an electromagnetic wave encounters an obstacle and bounces back toward its source. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | refraction | In the context of wireless signaling, the way in which a wave alters its direction, speed, and wavelength when it travels through different transmission mediums. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | remote wipe | A security procedure that clears a device of all important information, permissions, and programs without having physical access to the device. |
| RFID | Radio Frequency Identification | A wireless technology that uses electromagnetic fields to store data on a small chip in a tag, which includes an antenna that can both transmit and receive, and possibly a battery. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | rogue access point | An unauthorized access point in the same vicinity as a legitimate network. |
| RTS/CTS | Request to Send/Clear to Send | An exchange in which a source node requests the exclusive right to communicate with an access point and the access point confirms that it has granted that request. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | scanning | The process by which a wireless station finds an access point. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | scattering | The diffusion, or the reflection in multiple directions, of a wireless signal that results from hitting an object with a rough surface or small dimensions compared to the signal’s wavelength. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | site survey | In the context of wireless networking, an assessment of client requirements, facility characteristics, and coverage areas to determine an access point arrangement that will ensure reliable wireless connectivity within a given area. |
| SNR | signal-to-noise ratio | The proportion of noise to the strength of a signal |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | spectrum analyzer | A software tool that assesses the characteristics (for example, frequency, amplitude, and the effects of interference) of wireless signals. |
| SSID | service set identifier | A unique character string used to identify an access point on an 802.11 network. SSL (Secure |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | unidirectional antenna | A type of antenna that issues wireless signals along a single direction, or path. Also called a directional antenna. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | war driving | The act of driving around an area while running a laptop configured to detect and capture wireless data transmissions. |
| WEP | Wired Equivalent Privacy | A key encryption technique for wireless networks that uses keys both to authenticate network clients and to encrypt data in transit. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | Wi-Fi | The IEEE standards and their amendments, extensions, and corrections for wireless networking. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | Wi-Fi analyzer | Software that can evaluate Wi-Fi network availability as well as help optimize Wi-Fi signal settings or help identify Wi-Fi security threats. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | wireless bridge | An access point used to create remote wired access to a network. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | wireless controller | A central management console for all the APs on a network. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | wireless range extender | A device that extends the reach of a wireless signal by repeating the signal from a closer broadcast point. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | wireless spectrum | A continuum of electromagnetic waves used for data and voice communication. |
| WLAN | wireless local area network | A LAN that uses wireless connections for some or all of its transmissions. |
| WPA | Wi-Fi Protected Access or Wireless Protected Access | A wireless security method that dynamically assigns every transmission its own key. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | WPA2 | A wireless security method that improves upon WPA by using a stronger encryption protocol called AES. |
| WPAN | wireless PAN | A purely wireless version of a PAN. |
| \( ͡❛ ▿ ͡❛)/ | Z-Wave | A smart home protocol that provides two basic types of functions: signaling, to manage wireless connections, and control, to transmit data and commands between devices. |
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