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GENERAL 03
Weight & Balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of aircraft weight and balance control? | The primary purpose is safety |
| How is the moment of an item of equipment obtained when computing aircraft weight and balance? | Weight times arm The moment of an item is obtained by multiplying the weight of the item by its horizontal distance from the datum) The forward C.G limit of an aircraft is exceeded by installation of several items of equipment in the engine compartment/ |
| What can be done to correct or compensate for an improper CG. balance on an aircraft without removing or changing any of the newly-installed equipment? | Ballast is used in an aircraft to attain the desired CG. balance |
| What is the datum of an aircraft and what is its function? | The datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal measurements are taken for balance purposes |
| What is tare weight and how is it handled when making weight and balance calculations? | Tare weight is the weight of all extra items, such as jacks, blocks, and chocks on the weighing scale platform and is subtracted from total weight |
| How is the arm of an item of equipment obtained when computing aircraft weight and balance? | The arm of each item of equipment is usually included in the specifications for the aircraft; or may be obtained by actual measurement |
| How would you determine the empty weight and empty weight C. G. of an aircraft if all the weight and balance records are missing? | The aircraft must be weighed and a new set of weight and balance records must be computed and compiled |
| How can you determine the effect of a new item of equipment on the aircraft weight and balance without weighing the aircraft? | The effect can be determined by basic computations if the weight and balance records are up to date |
| What should be done concerning fuel when weighing an aircraft for weight an balance purposes? | With the aircraft in a/level attitude, drain fuel system until empty |
| How is a positive (plus) moment obtained aft of the datum? | By adding weight |
| How is a negative (minus) moment obtained aft of the datum? | By removing weight |
| How is a positive (plus) moment obtained forward of the datum? | By removing weight |
| How is a negative (minus) moment obtained forward of the datum? | By adding weight |
| What should be done with equipment normally carried in an aircraft but not permanently installed (such as tool kits, tie down stakes, first aid kits, etc.) when weighing an aircraft for weight and balance purposes? | All equipment not permanently installed/should be removed |
| What is an aircraft loading graph? | A method for determining load distribution to keep the weight and operating C.G/ within the approved range |
| What is meant by the term residual fuel? | The fuel remaining in the tanks, lines, and engine after draining |
| What is meant by the term residual oil? | The oil remaining in the tank, lines, and engine after draining |
| What is ballast, and why is it used in aircraft? | Ballast is any weight added or removed to obtain a desired C.G! |
| Name one common leveling method used in weight and balance procedures. | Use of a spirit level at the manufacturers designated leveling points OR use of a built-in leveling scale (or protractor) and plumb bob |
| What is the difference between fixed wing and helicopter C.G. ranges? | Most helicopters have a more restricted C.G. range |
| Why is aircraft category a factor when computing weight and balance? | Aircraft certificated in both normal and utility categories may have tow useful loads due to different gross weights |
| What does the term mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) refer to? | The MAC is the average chord or distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge of an airfoil, usually a wing, as measured in cross section |
| What are two ways commonly used to show C.G. and/ or C.G. range in different aircraft? | Inches from the datum and percent of MAC |
| Why is accurate up-to-date empty weight center of gravity data so important? | All other weight and balance calculations are based on EWCG |
| List at least 5 items concerning weight and balance that would be listed in the TCDS? | Answer includes: 1) CG Ranges, 2) Max weight, 3) Leveling means, 4) Number of seats and locations,5) Baggage capacity and arm, 6) Fuel capacity and arm, 7) Datum location, 8) Engine HP, 9) Oil capacity and arm, 10) Amount of fuel in empty weight and arm |
| Describe a plumb bob and its use? | A heavy metal object cylinder or cone shaped with a sharp point at one end. Used to determine a spot that is perpendicular to the point the plumb bob is hanging from |
| What is the recommended markings for permanent ballast? | In red paint with the words "permanent ballast do not remove" |
| Before a helicopter is weighted, it must be leveled in what directions? | Longitudinally and laterally |
| Explain the performance of a rearward adverse loaded CG check. | all useful load items behind the aft CG limit are loaded and all useful load items in front of the aft CG limit are left empty If the fuel tank is located forward of the aft CT limit, minimum fuel will be shown. Calculate CG to determine if within limits |
Created by:
Chisum
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