click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 8 Nervous System
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Four types of neuroglia in the CNS? | Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal, Microglia |
Which neuroglia is physically supports neurons, helps to form the B-B-B and looks like a "star"? | Astrocytes |
This neuroglial cells forms myelin sheath around CNS neurons. | Oligodendrocytes |
This neuroglial cell acts as a "phagocyte", which one is this? | Microglia |
The neuroglial cell is NOT located in the CNS. It forms myelin sheath around PNS neurons. | Schwann cells |
The neuroglial cells is described as "sausage-shaped cell" wrapped around the axon. | Schwann cells |
The appearance of ciliated epithelial cells is which neuroglial cell? | Ependymal cells |
The appearance of being a small cell with many processes is which neuroglial cell? | microglial cell |
Fiber bundle located in the PNS is ________________________. | nerve |
Tract is a fiber bundle located in the ____________________. | CNS |
Myelinated axons make up white matter. True/False | True |
Unmyelinated axons make up white matter. True/False | False- gray matter is unmyelinated axons |
Functions of the nervous system | coordinates all body systems; detects & responds to stimuli; brain and spinal cored act as switching center; nerves carry message to and from these centers |
PNS is comprised of _____________________ and _________________________________. | 12pairs of Cranial Nerves and 31 pairs of Spinal nerves |
What is the voltage for a neurons resting membrane potential? | -70mV |
What maintains the electrolyte concentration gradients? | Sodium-potassium pump |
What occurs when the membrane potential becomes LESS negative? (example -70mV to -30mV) | depolarization |
What occurs during repolarization? | Membrane potential returns to resting state (resting membrane potential -70mV) |
What happens to the membrane potential if it becomes MORE negative? (example -70mV to -100mV) | hyperpolarization |
During the rising phase of the AP, the stimulus opens _____________ channels. | Na+; so the sodium enters cell |
During the falling phase, what occurs with the Sodium (Na+) and what occurs with Potassium (K+)? | Na+ stops entering the cell and potassium channels open |
What is a synapse? | the junction where nerve impulses move from one neuron to another cell |
norepinephrine is responsible for constricting blood vessels, what is the purpose? | maintains B/P in times of stress |
ACH is a neurotransmitter that is needed for memory, learning, and attention. What happens if a person has a low level of ACH? | Alzheimer's and possibly Myasthenia Gravis |
The cervical plexus supplies what part of the body? | head, neck, shoulder |
The sacral plexus supplies what part of the body? | pelvis, buttocks, genitals, thighs, calves, feet |
The brachial plexus supplies what part of the body? | chest, shoulder, arms, hands |
The lumbar plexus supplies what part of the body? | back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, calves |
Dermatomes are _________________________ | regions of skin supplied by different spinal nerves |
What fluid is found in the central canal of the spinal cord? | CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) |
Sensory neurons are responsible for? | Transmitting nerve impulses toward the CNS |
An effector function is to _____________________________. | receive nerve impulses from the CNS and carries out the action or response |
Central nervous system function in the reflex arc is to ___________________________________. | integrate information (computes) from sensory neuron and plans reaction |
Which part of the reflex arc is responsible for carrying nerve impulses away from the CNS? | motor neuron |
ANS has two divisions- what are they? | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
Sympathetic Nervous System function is | Fight-or-fight (increases HR, B/P, respirations but decreases digestive system) |
This part of the nervous system does not fell the stress- so it is said to be "rest and digest" | Parasympathetic |