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Chapter 10

Elections and Campaigns

TermDefinition
Caucus A meeting of party followers in which party delegates are selected.
Primary Elections within political parties to determine the political party nominee.
Momentum When a candidate wins (especially an upset win), s/he tends to do better than expected in future contests. Sometimes also called the bandwagon effect.
Retrospective Voting Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office.
Prospective Voting Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues.
Valence Issues Issues on which everyone agrees, but the question is whether or not the candidate embraces that view.
Position Issues An issue in which rival candidates have opposing views but that also divides the voters.
Incumbent The person already holding an elective office.
Incumbency Advantage The tendency of incumbents to do better than otherwise similar challengers, especially in congressional elections.
Redistricting The drawing of district lines after the census.
Reapportionment The delegation of House seats to each of the states based on population after the census.
Gerrymandering Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party.
Surge and Decline Tendency for the president's party to do better in presidential years when he is at the top of the ticket (the surge), but to do worse when he is not because many voters are less enthusiastic and stay home (the decline).
Coattails The alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the tick of a better-known candidate, such as the president.
Political Action Committee (PAC's) A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations.
Independent Expenditure Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions to help a party or candidate but done independently of them.
Soft Money Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate.
527 Organizations Organizations under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code that raise and spend money to advance political causes.
Super PAC's Groups that raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but cannot coordinate its activities with campaign in any way.
501 (c)4 Groups A social welfare organization that can devote no more than 50 percent of its funds to politics. Sometimes referred to as "dark money" groups because they do not have to disclose their donors.
Created by: BucketOfBananas
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