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125 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Advantage of using body box in measuring FRC | FRC can be measured much faster while using the body box. FRC can be measured multiple times within 5 minutes. |
| How long should a smoker not smoke before a diffusion capacity test | At least one hour |
| Purpose of adding 10% helium to a CO gas test | To determine the concentration of CO in the alveoli at the beginning of the breath hold. In order to calculate DLCO CO concentration at the beginning and end of the breath hold must be determined. |
| Diagnostic indications for PFT | To evaluate symptoms, signs, or abnormal lab tests; measure the effect of a disease on pulmonary function; screen individuals at risk of having pulmonary disease; assess preoperative risk and/or health status prior to beginning an exercise program |
| Monitoring indications for PFT | Assess the change in lung function over time or after administration of or change in therapy; monitor for adverse reactions to drugs with known pulmonary toxicity; assess the potential effects of environmental or occupational exposures |
| Disability indications for PFT | Assess impairment or disability from lung disease; assess risks as part of insurance evaluation |
| Public health indiciations for PFT | Epidemiologic surveys; derivation of reference equations; clinical researc |
| Common source of poor PFT results | An incompetent and/or unmotivated technologist |
| Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) | Largest volume that a pt can move in & out of their lungs during 12secs Pts instructed to breath rapidly & deeply Low can occur in obstructive, restrictive or neuromuscular disorders Can present as a defect in vocal cord dysfunction & tracheal stenosis |
| Henderson-Hasselbalch equation | ππ»=ππΎπ+ππππ»πΆπ3/πΆπ2 This equation accurately describes the equilibrium relationships between pH, PCO2, and HCO3 |
| What does PaCO2 measure? | arterial CO2 content and is an indicator of the adequacy of alveolar ventilation in removing CO2 from the lungs |
| What does PaO2 measure? | arterial O2 content and reflects oxygenation of the arterial blood |
| What does HCO3 measure? | the arterial bicarb content and represents the metabolic component of pH regulation |
| P02 is measured using what kind of electrode? | Clark electrode |
| CO2 content and alkalinity between the blood and the intracellular fluid (ICF) during exercise remain what during exercise? | CO2 content may vary in the body, but the body will makeup for the difference. So the content doesn't relatively change. |
| Why are quality control procedures for a blood gas analyzer different from those performed in other clinical laboratory environments? | Because the patient sample is fresh whole blood |
| Common preanalytic errors | Roomair contamination Heparin dilution of sample Blood clots bc inadequate heparin Hyperventilation during collection Long delay time from collection & analysis Excessive sample metabolism Inadequate wait time between change in O2/ventilation & collection |
| Volatile acid elimination | The lungs eliminate volatile acid as CO2 Kidneys eliminate nonvolatile acid |
| Organs of the body that are commonly used to regulate acid-base status | Lungs and kidneys |
| What kind of solution is sodium bicarbonate? | A buffer solution |
| pH is defined as the βnegative . . .β | logarithm or exponent (to the base of 10) of the [H+] |
| Data needed for a PFT | Height, age, sex, and race or ethnicity |
| Normal pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| Normal PaCO2 | 35-45 |
| Normal HCO3 | 22-26 |
| Normal PaO2 | 80-100 |
| What does it mean when the baseline of an MVV test is gradually rising? | There is airtrapping present |
| Calibration test for spirometry: | Should be done once daily, uses a 3mL syringe |
| What is measured and more importantly, what is calculated with a PFT | Measured: FVC, FEV1 Calculated: TLC. RV |
| How many times can a PFT test be repeated | 8 times |
| What is the best indicator for obstructive lung disease? | Decreased flows (FEV1 and FEV1/FRC) |
| Pre and post bronchodilators tests | 12% is the magic number. FEV1 must change by 200 mL or 12% |
| Tidal volume (Vt): | the volume of gas inhaled or exhaled during quiet breathing |
| Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) | the maximum volume of gas that can be inspired from the end of a normal inspiration |
| Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) | the maximum volume of gas that can be expired from the end of a resting expiration |
| Residual volume (RV) | the volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration. By definition, this volume cannot be exhaled |
| Vital capacity (VC): | the maximum volume of gas that can be exhaled from the lungs after a maximal inspiration or inhaled from a point of maximal exhalation |
| Inspiratory capacity (IC) | the maximum volume of gas that can be inspired from the normal end-expiratory position |
| Functional residual capacity (FRC) | the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a resting expiration |
| Total lung capacity (TLC) | the volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration |
| When percent of predicted FVC is low | an obstructive disease is indicated |
| When percent of predicted FEV1 is low | a restrictive disease is indicated |
| When both are low | considered combined restrictive and obstructive |
| > or = 80% | normal |
| 70 β 79% | mild |
| 60 β 69% | moderate |
| 50 β 59% | moderate to severe |
| < 50% | severe |
| <35% | VERY severe |
Created by:
K.Moskowitz
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