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Biogeochemical Cycle

Environmental Science

QuestionAnswer
Element Cycling the breakdown of organic matter into its constituent elements for re-use in the ecosystem.
Chemical Elements a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances.
Molecule a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces
Compound a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical element
Biomolecules a loosely used term for molecules present in organisms that are essential to one or more typically biological processes, such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.
Reservoirs an enlarged lake behind a dam.
Biosphere the worldwide sum of all ecosystems
Hydrosphere the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite
Atmosphere a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelop a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body.
Law of conservation of matter states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as the system's mass cannot change, so the quantity can neither be added nor be removed.
Geological carbon cycle the process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere.
Biological carbon cycle nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again.
Mycorrhizae a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant.
Mycelia a root-like structure of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae.
Nitrogen fixation a chemical process by which molecular nitrogen, which has a strong triple covalent bond, is converted into ammonia or related nitrogenous compounds, typically in soil or aquatic systems but also in industry.
Nitrification the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate occurring through separate organisms or direct ammonia oxidation to nitrate in comammox bacteria.
Anaerobic any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth
Denitrification a microbially facilitated process where nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products.
Water cycle a biogeochemical cycle that describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth
Evaporation a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.
Transpiration the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.
Condensation the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase,
Precipitation precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull.
Aquifers an underground layer of water-bearing, permeable rock, rock fractures, or unconsolidated materials.
Runoff the flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.
Eutrophication he process by which an entire body of water, or parts of it, becomes progressively enriched with minerals and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus.
Greenhouse gases a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
Created by: junebug426
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