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Data Representation
1. Data Representation Vocab - Computer Science CIE IGCSE (2023-2025 spec)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bit | The basic computing element that is either a 0 or a 1, and is formed from the words Binary digit |
| binary number system | A number system based on 2 and can only use the values 0 and 1 |
| Hexadecimal Number System | a number system based on the value 16 which uses denary digits 0 to 9 and letters A to F |
| Error code | an error message generated by the computer |
| MAC Address | Standing for Media Access Control this address (given in hexadecimal) uniquely identifies a device on the internet. It takes the form NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD where NN-NN-NN is the manufacturer code and DD-DD-DD is the device code. |
| IP Address | Internet Protocol identified either as IPv4 or IPv6; it gives a unique address to each device connected to a network, identifying their location. |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language is used in the design of web pages and to write, for example, hhtp(s) protocols; colours used in web pages are assigned a hexadecimal code based on rgb colours. |
| Overflow error | the result of carrying out a calculation that produces a value that is too large for the computer's allocated word size (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and so on) |
| Logical shift | an operation that shifts bits to the left or right in a register; any bits shifted out of a register (left or right) are replaced with zeroes |
| Unicode | A character set which represents all the languages in the world. (the first 128 characters are the same as ASCII code) |
| Sampling resolution | Number of bits used to represent sound amplitude in digital sound recording. (also known as bit depth) |
| Bit depth | The number of bits used to represent the smallest unit in a sound file. |
| Colour depth | The number of bits used to represent the colours of a pixel. |
| Sampling rate | the number of sound samples taken per second in digital sound recording |
| Bitmap image | An image made up of pixels |
| Pixel | Derived from the term 'picture element', this is the smallest element used to make up an image on a display. |
| Image resolution | The number of pixels in the X-Y direction of an image |
| Pixelated (image) | this is the result of zooming into a bitmap image; on zooming out the pixel density can be diminished to such a degree that the actual pixels themselves can be seen |
| pixel density | The number of pixels per square inch. |
| Compression | The reduction of the size of a file by removing repeated or redundant pieces of data; this can be lossy or lossless. |
| bandwidth | The maximum rate of transfer of data across a network, measured in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second (Mbps) |
| Lossy | A file compression method in which parts of the original file cannot be recovered during the decompression process, for example JPEG, MP3. |
| Lossless | A file compression method that allows the original file to be fully restored during the decompression process, for example RLE |
| Audio compression | A method used to reduce the size of a sound file using perceptual music shaping |
| MP3 | A lossy file compression method used for music files. |
| MP4 | A lossy file compression method used for multimedia files |
| JPEG | From Joint Photographic Expert Group; a form of lossy file compression used with image files which relies on the inability of the human eye to distinguish certain colour changes and hues. |
| Run Length Encoding (RLE) | a lossless file compression technique used to reduce text and photo files in particular. |
Created by:
Ginny Martin
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