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Ancient Islam Vocab
6th Grade Ancient Islam Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nomads | People who live in tents and herd animals; sheep, goats, and camels. |
Sedentary People | People who live in one place. |
Oasis | A wet, fertile area in the desert. Moisture is provided by underground springs. |
Caravan | A group of merchants travelling together. |
Muhammad | Brought the religion of Islam to Arabia. |
Qur'an | The holy book of Islam. |
Mosque | The house of worship. |
The Five Pillars of Islam | 1-Statement of Faith 2- Daily Prayers (5 times daily) 3- Give to Charity 4- Fasting during Ramadan 5- Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) |
Caliph | The title Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam. |
Abu Bakr | The first caliph. Directed a series of battles to unite Muslim lands. |
The Ottoman Empire | Took land from the Byzantine Empire. Had a very strong army. Used slave soldiers called Janissaries. Under Mehmed II, the Ottomans used cannons to conquer Constantinople. Under Suleyman I, the Ottoman Empire reached its peak. |
The Safavid Empire | Held power in present day Iran. Two types of Muslims: Shia: Thought that all caliphs had to be related to Muhammad. Sunni: Didn’t believe the caliph and Muhammad had to be related. Safavids used gunpowder weapons to conquer people. |
The Mughal Empire | Located in modern India. Most powerful leader was Akbar. Akbar conquered many lands and practiced tolerance; the acceptance of others. After Akbar removed the tax on non-Muslims, Muslims and Hindus got along very nicely in India. |
Astronomy | Muslims studied the skies. They improved the astrolabe. |
Astrolabe | A Greek invention used to chart the stars. |
Geography | The astrolabe also helped them figure out their position on earth. Travelers used it often. |
Math | Muslims invented algebra. The number system we use today is called the Hindu-Arabic number system. |
Medicine | Muslims were the first people to create medicines. |
Avicenna | Created a medical dictionary. |
Philosophy | Muslims studied the idea of rational thought. This led to the belief in Sufism. |
Sufism | A belief in having a personal relationship with god. |
Literature & Arts | The Thousand and One Nights was a collection of stories that are still famous today. Many architects built beautiful mosques. Muslim artists also developed decorative writing called calligraphy. |