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Force, Mass, Motion
Force, Mass, and Motion
Term | Definition |
---|---|
position | The location of an object at any given time, usually on an axis. |
motion | The change in its position during a specific amount of time. |
rate | A change of something in a specific amount of time. |
linear motion | When objects move along lines. |
displacement | Distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point. |
Scalar quantity | The distance alone. |
Vector quantity | Displacement, must be described by both a magnitude and a direction. |
Velocity vs. speed | The time of motion. |
Speed formula | S = d/t |
Units for speed | m/s |
Instantaneous rate | The speedometer only gives the present speed, only gives information about exact points in time. |
Average rate | The average speed in an amount of time. |
Velocity formula | v=d/t |
Units for velocity | m/s |
Uniform motion | Motion that has a constant rate. |
delta | Triangular symbol; stands for "change in". |
Convenient scale | A scale that shows the velocity of an object |
acceleration | Change in velocity over time. |
deceleration | A decrease in speed as the body moves away from the starting point . |
Acceleration formula | Acceleration= final velocity-initial velocity/final time -initial time |
Units for acceleration | m/s2 |
force | A push or pull of matter. |
Newton’s first law of motion | An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by another force |
Law of Inertia | If a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force. |
inertia | The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion. |
Frictional forces | Interaction of an object with matter it is in contact with. |
Static friction | Force required to overcome inertia of a stationary object. |
Kinetic friction | Force required to keep an object moving at a constant speed. |
Rolling friction | Force required to keep an object rolling at constant speed. |
Newton’s second law of motion | Acceleration depends on the objects mass and on the netforce acting on the object." The more force the more acceleration! |
Force formula | F= m x a F= force m=mass of an object a=acceleration |
Force units (give both) | Kg and m/s2 |
Newton’s third law of motion | For every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
Normal force | A resistance force of matter interacting with matter. |
Free body diagram | Diagram of all the forces acting on an object. |
Quantum mechanics | Physics of the smallest pieces of matter. |
Relativistic mechanics | Explains the physics of motion at speeds near the speed of light. |
Energy units (give both) | Kg and m/s |
Energy formula | E = mc2 |
The four fundamental forces | Strong force, Weak force, Electromagnetic force, Gravitational force |
What does the universal law of gravity state? | Any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them. |
Force of gravity formula | fg=g x m1m2/r2 |
Gravity units (give both) | m/s2 |
Inverse square law | The intensity of the radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance; the intensity of the light to an observer from a source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the observer to the source. |
weight | The force acting on the object due to gravity. |
Free-fall acceleration | The acceleration produced when a body falls under the influence of the gravitational force of the earth alone. |
Weight formula | F = m × 9.8 m/s2, where F is the object's weight in Newtons (N) and m is the object's mass in kilograms. |
Weight units (give both) | Kilogram and Newtons (n) |
Electromagnetic force | The force exerted by the electromagnetic field. |
nucleons | Protons and neutrons are referred to as. |
Nuclear force | The forces that act between two or more nucleons. |
Strong nuclear force | The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. |
Weak nuclear force | Responsible for the radioactive decay of certain nuclei. |
work | When force is applied over a distance. |
Work formula | W=Fs W= work F= force s= displacement |
Work units (give both) | Joule (J) Newton-Metre (N-m) |
machine | An object or mechanical device that receives an input amount of work and transfers the energy to an output amount of work. |
Effort force | The force used to move an object over a distance. |
Resistance force | The force which an effort force must overcome in order to do work on an object via a simple machine. |
Inclined plane | Simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy bodies. |
fulcrum | The point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots. |
lever | Simple machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum. A lever is a rigid body capable of rotating on a point on itself. |
Fixed pulley | A simple machine that uses a wheel with a groove in it and a rope that fits into the groove. The other end of the rope attaches to a load, or the object you're needing to move. |
Movable pulley | A pulley that is free to move up and down, and is attached to a ceiling or other object by two lengths of the same rope. |
Mechanical advantage | A measure of the ratio of output force to input force in a system, used to analyze the forces in simple machines like levers and pulleys. |
power | The amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. |
Power formula | P= w/t |
Units for power | Watt, W |
efficiency | How good a device is at transferring energy input to useful energy output. |
Efficiency formula | output/input |