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Ch1 Net+ Definitions
Chapter 1 - Network+ Guide to Networks Definitions
| Acronym | Term | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| AD | Active Directory | Centralized directory database that contains user account information and security for the entire group of computers. |
| AD DS | Active Directory Domain Services | The centralized directory database that contains user account information and security for the entire group of computers. |
| API | Application programming interface call | The method an application uses when it makes a request of the OS |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Application layer (OSI) | Layer 7; In the OSI model describes the interface between two applications, each on separate computers. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Application layer (TCP/IP) | Layer 4; In the TCP/IP model, the Application, Presentation, and Session layers are wrapped together. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Backbone | A central conduit that connects the segments (pieces) of a network and is sometimes referred to as “a network of networks.” |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Bus topology | Network with switches daisy-chained together in a single line. |
| CAN | Campus area network | A group of connected LANs in the same geographical area |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Catastrophic failure | Destroys the component beyond use. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Client | A computer making a request from another. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Client-server application | Application that involves a client computer that requests data or a service from a server remotely. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Client-server network model | Resources are managed by the NOS via centralized directory database. Can be managed by one or more servers if they have similar NOS. aka: Client-server-architecture or client-server topology |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Connection less protocol | A protocol with no checks |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Connection-oriented protocol | A protocol with checks |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Data Link layer (OSI) | Layer 2; responsible for interfacing with the physical hardware only on the local network. The protocols are programmed into the firmware of a computer’s NIC and other networking hardware. aka: Link layer |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Data Link layer address | aka: Media Access Control (MAC) |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | datagram | The message of a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Decapsulation | Removing a header and trailer from a lower layer’s PDU. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Domain | When windows server controls network access to a group of computers. aka: Windows domain |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Emergency alert system | Typically generate loud noise and flashing lights. Some send text or voice message alerts to key personnel, and post alerts by email, network messages and other means. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Encapsulation | The process of adding a header to the data inherited from the layer above. |
| ESD | Electrostatic discharge | Electric flow current between two electric objects |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Fail close | Deny access during the failure |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Fail open | Allow access during the failure |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Fire suppression system | Consists of emergency alert system, portable fire extinguishers, emergency power-off switch and suppression agent. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Firmware | Refers to programs embedded into hardware devices. This software does not change unless a firmware upgrade is performed. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Fragmentation | If a Network layer protocol is aware that a packet is larger than the maximum size for its network, it will divide the packet into smaller packets in a process |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Frame | The entire Data Link layer message. |
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol | An Application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Grounding | A device that is connected directly to earth so that in the event of a short circuit the electricity flows to the earth rather than out of control through the device and back to the power station. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Hardware address | MAC Address/Media Access Control |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Header | Protocol’s control information in an area at the beginning of the payload |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Host | any computer on a network that hosts a resource such as an application or data |
| HTTP | Hypertext Transfer protocol | An Application layer protocol that formulates and interprets requests between web clients and servers. |
| HTTPS | Hypertext transfer protocol secure | The URL prefix that indicates a web page requires its data to be exchanged between client and server using SSL or TLS encryption. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Hub | An inefficient and outdated networking device that has been replaced by switches. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Hybrid topology | A topology that combines topologies |
| IMAP4 | Internet Message Access Protocol, version 4 | A mail retrieval protocol that allows users to store messages on the mail server. The most current version of IMAP is version 4 (IMAP4). |
| IP | Internet Protocol | The principal protocol used by the Network layer. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Internet Protocol Address | An address assigned to each node on a network, which the Network layer uses to uniquely identify them on the network. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Knowledge base | A collection of accumulated insights and solutions to the problems encountered on a particular network. |
| LAN | Local area network | A network of computers and other devices that typically is confined to a relatively small space, such as one building or even one office. Each node on a LAN can communicate directly with others on the same LAN. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Logical topology | Refers to software, how access to the network is controlled, how users and programs gain access and how resources (i.e. apps and databases) are shared on the network. |
| MAC | Media Access Control address | Hardware addresses of the source that is embedded on every network adapter. aka: Physical address, Hardware address, or Data Link layer address. |
| MAN | Metropolitan area network | A network of connected LANs within a limited geographical area, such as multiple city government buildings around a city’s center. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Mesh topology | Each device connects to multiple other devices |
| MSDS | Material safety data sheet | Safety data sheet that explains how to properly handle substances such as chemical solvents and how to dispose of them. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Network | A group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Network layer (ISO) | Layer 3; Responsible for moving messages from one node to another until they reach the destination host. aka: Internet layer |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Network service | The collective resources a network makes available to users. Includes applications and data provided by applications. |
| NIC | Network Interface card | A network adapter, installed in an expansion slot on the motherboard. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Node | any computer or device on a network that can be addressed on the local network |
| NOS | Network Operating system | Operating system that controls network resources |
| OSHA | Occupational safety and health administration | Administration that regulates electrical and tool safety in workplaces. |
| OSI | Open Systems Interconnection reference model | A seven-layer model was developed to categorize the layers of communication. |
| P2P | Peer-to-peer network model | The operating system of each computer on the network is responsible for on trolling access to its res courses without centralized control. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Packet | IP adds its own Network layer header to the segment or datagram, and the entire Network layer message. |
| PAN | Personal area network | A network of personal devices, such as the network you use when you sync your smartphone and your computer. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Payload | Data that is passed between applications or utility programs and the operating system |
| PDU | Protocol data unit | A group of bits as it moves from one layer to the next and from one LAN to the next. Loosely known as message or transmission |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Physical address | aka: MAC Address |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Physical layer (OSI) | Layer 1; Simplest layer responsible for sending bits via a wired or wireless transmission. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Physical topology | Mostly refers to a network’s hardware and how computers, other devices, and cables fit together to form the physical network. |
| POP3 | Post Office protocol, version 3 | Application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server. Client retrieves mail via POP, messages previously stored on the mail server are downloaded to the client’s workstation, and then deleted. The most commonly used form of POP is POP3. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Port | Transport layer header addresses the receiving application by a number |
| PPE | Personal protective equipment | Equipment warn to protect yourself at work. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Presentation layer (OSI) | Layer 6; responsible for reformatting, compressing, and/or encrypting data in a way that the application on the receiving end can read. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Protocol | Networked devices use methods and rules for communication |
| RDP | Remote Desktop protocol | An Application layer protocol that uses TCP/IP to transmit graphics and text quickly over a remote client-host connection. RDP also carries session, licensing, and encryption information. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Remote application | An application that is installed and executed on a server, and is presented to a user working at a client computer. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Remote Desktop Services | A device that manages traffic between two or more networks and can help find the best path for traffic to get from one network to another. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Ring topology | Nodes are connected in a ring, with one node connecting only to its two neighboring nodes |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Router | A Layer 3 device that uses logical addressing information to direct data between two or more networks and can help find the best path for traffic to get from one network to another. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Scalable | Ability to change in size |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Segment | (1) A TCP message at the Transport layer. (2) A part of a network. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Server | Any computer or program that provides a service, such as data or other resources, to other devices. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Session layer (OSI) | Layer 5; How data between applications is synced and recovered if messages don’t arrive intact at the receiving application. |
| SFTP | Secure File Transfer protocol | A protocol available with the proprietary version of SSH that securely copies files between hosts. |
| SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer protocol | An Application layer protocol responsible for moving messages from one email server to another. |
| SNMP | Simple Network Management Protocol | Utility program that program that monitors and gathers information about network traffic and can alert network administrators about adverse conditions that need attention. |
| SOHO | Small office-home office network | A network that typically have fewer than 10 computers |
| SSH | Secure Shell | A connection utility that provides authentication and encryption. SSH is often used to log onto a host, execute commands on that host, and copy files to or from the host. |
| SSL | Secure Sockets Layer | A method of encrypting TCP/IP transmissions—including web pages and data entered into web forms—en route between the client and server using public key encryption technology. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Star topology | All devices connect to one central device, the switch |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Star-bus topology | A hybrid topology in which groups of workstations are connected in a star fashion to connectivity devices that are networked via a single bus. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Static electricity | Electrical charge at rest. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Switch | A connectivity device that logically subdivides a network into smaller, individual collision domains. |
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol | A core protocol of the TCP/IP suite that makes a connection with the end host, checks whether data is received, and resends it if it is not. |
| TCP/IP | Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol | A suite of networking protocols that includes TCP, IP, UDP, and many others. TCP/IP provides the foundation for data exchange across the Internet. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Telnet | A terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the TCP/IP protocol. |
| TLS | Transport Layer Security (OSI & TCP/IP) | Layer 4: responsible for transporting Application layer payloads from one application to another. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Topology | Describes how the parts of a whole work together. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Trailer | Attached control information to the end of the packet in the Data Link layer. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Transport layer (ISO) | Layer 4; Transports application layer payloads from one application to another. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Trip hazard | Things that people can stumble on such as tools or cords. |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol | Connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery by first connecting and checking whether data is received. aka: best-effort protocol. |
| \m/(>.<)\m/ | Upset failure | Shortens the life of a component and/or cause intermittent errors. |
| WAN | Wide area network | A group of LANs that spread over a wide geographical area |
Created by:
gradclass2000
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