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Exam 3 NUR113

Conjunctivitis/Otitis Media

QuestionAnswer
What causes conjunctivitis? Inflammation caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, trauma, and irritants
What increases the risk of conjunctivitis? wearing contact lenses; children in daycare/attending school; viral respiratory infections
What are the manifestations of conjunctivitis? Pink/red sclera Conjunctiva swollen Excessive tearing Yellow/green purulent discharge from eye Crusting of the eyelids in the morning
What other conditions can cause eye redness? Corneal trauma/infection; Acute uveitis; Acute angle-closure glaucoma
What interventions can be done for a patient with conjunctivitis? Keep lights dim if having photophobia; stay home from school/daycare; change linens, especially pillow cases; good hand hygiene; take antibiotics as prescribed if indicated; acetaminophen/ibuprofen for pain/fever PRN
What is otitis media? Inflammation of the middle ear?
What structures make up the middle ear? the hammer (malleus), the anvil (incus) and the stirrup (stapes), the oval window, the round window and the Eustachian tube
True or false: The Eustachian tube is shorter in children. True; this is what causes children to get ear infections more easily
What is the role of the eustachian tube? How does it allow infection to enter the ear? equalizes pressure, and drains fluid; connects to nasopharynx and can allow pathogens to enter middle ear
What are the risk factors for otitis media? Age: <2 or 5-6; Season: winter/spring=flu & RSV season; daycare; secondhand smoke; cleft lip/palate; noncompliance w/ immunizations
What can be done to prevent otitis media? Breastfeeding; bottle feeding in upright position; Immunizations; Avoiding air pollution; Hand hygiene
What causes otitis media? Bacterial infection(Streptococcus pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae); Viral infections(RSV, Influenza, Other upper respiratory infections); Allergies-enlarged adenoids blocks eustachian tube
What are the signs and symptoms of otitis media? >Pain (Fussiness/crying ,Tugging at ear, Turning head side to side) >Describe a snapping/popping noise >Decreased hearing >vertigo (dizziness/vomiting) >Tinnitus >Fever >Purulent drainage >Ear drum: bulging/retracted/ruptured >swollen lymphs
How is the ear assessed in a child younger than 3 yo? pull pinna down and back
How is the ear assessed in a child 3 and up? pull pinna up and back
Why would a nurse wait for the doctor to assess the ear of a child? If the child is too upset/not cooperaing
What interventions can be done for otitis media? >Administer medication for pain/fever Acetaminophen/Ibuprofen ( >6 months) >Antibiotics for severe s/s One time IM ceftriaxone injection; Amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanate/azithromycin PO for 10-14 days >Topical anesthetics >myringotomy
What is an myringotomy? What education should be given to caregivers? Tube placed in ear drum; after recurrent OM; outpatient under anesthesia; 15min op; Usually fall out in 8-18 mo Edu: Minimal pain after; Will remain in PACU until awake, approx 1 hour; Limit activity for few days post op; avoid getting water in ear
Created by: failingstudent88
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