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Unit 8: Gases
Term | Definition |
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pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface |
newton | the SI unit for force; the force that will increase the speed of a 1 kg mass by 1m/s each second that the force is applied |
barometer | an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure |
Millimeters of Mercury | a unit of pressure |
Atmosphere of pressure | the pressure of earth's atmosphere at sea level; exactly equivalent to 760 mm Hg |
pascal | the SI unit of pressure; equal to the force of 1 N exerted over an area of 1 m2 |
partial pressure | the pressure of each gas in a mixture |
Dalton's law of partial pressure | the law that states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases |
Boyle's law | the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure of the gas decreases as the pressure of the gas increases |
Absolute zero | the temperature at which all molecular motion stops |
Charles law | the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases |
Gay- Lussac's law | the law that states that the volume occupied by a gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature |
Combined gas law | the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas |
Avogadro's law | the law that states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules |
Standard molar volume of a gas | for a gas, the temperature of 0C and the pressure 1.00 atm |
ideal gas law | the law that states the mathematical relationship of pressure (P)- pressure (V)- volume (T)- temperature (R)-the gas constant |
ideal gas constant | the proportionality constant that appears in the equation of state for 1 mol and ideal gas |
Graham;s law of effusion | that law that states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas's density |