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EDUC322 Chapter 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Language | A communication system |
Expressive Language | Someone is sending/encoding a message. Usually oral or written. |
Receptive language | Someone is receiving/decoding a message. Usually heard or read. |
Phonology | Sounds used in language |
Prosody | Expressive spoken language |
Intonation | How one's pitch rises and falls when speaking |
Stress | The loudness or softness of speech |
Juncture | Slight pauses between words or parts of words |
Rime | The vowel sound and every sound following it in a syllable |
Onset | All the sounds in the syllable that comes before the vowel sound |
Phoneme | The smallest unit of sound that changes meaning when it is changed |
Phonemic Awareness | Being aware of phonemes, individual sounds in words, and letters and the sounds associated with them |
Orthography | Spelling patterns, linking letters to sounds, punctuation, and graphic features of text |
Grapheme | A printed symbol that represents a phoneme |
Alphabetic Principle | Knowing that letters represent speech sounds |
Phonics | The relationship between letters and sounds |
Morphology | Breaking words apart to study the structures that create meaning |
Morphemes | Units of meaning |
Syntax | Understanding how words are combined into phrases and sentences |
Grammar | A rule system for describing the organization of language |
Semantics | Connecting background knowledge, interests, attitudes, and perspectives with language to construct meaning |
Schema Theory | The idea that new knowledge is connected to what the learner already knows |
Pragmatics | Knowing how language works and is used in one's culture |
Teacher Rating of Oral Language and Literacy (TROLL) | Assesses oral language as well as early reading and writing development |
myIGDIs: Picture Naming Test | Assesses oral language |
Oral Language Acquisition Inventory-2 (OLAI-2) | Assesses children's acquisition of oral language structures and components |
Test of Language Development (TOLD) | Most widely used assessment of oral language. Can be used for screening, diagnostic, or outcomes. |
Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) | The average number of words spoken in a statement. The general rule of thumb is a student's MLU should match their age. |