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BMS 250 Lab
Lab 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axial skeleton | bones of the head, neck, and trunk; contains 80 bones |
| Appendicular skeleton | bones of the upper and lower limbs; contains 126 bones |
| How many bones in the adult skeleton? | 206 |
| Foramen | hole through a bone |
| Meatus | channel/tube/tunnel through bone |
| Fissure | slit; elongated hole/cleft |
| Sinus | hallow spot/cavity within a bone |
| Ramus | extension of a bone at an angle; prominent projection |
| Process | prominent projection; sticks out |
| Types of processes | processes for ligament/tendon attachment and for bone articulation |
| Processes for ligament/tendon attachment | trochanter, tuberosity, crest, spine, epicondyle |
| Processes for bone articulation | head, condyle |
| Trochanter | large, rough bump/protection |
| Tuberosity | smaller, rough bump/projection |
| Crest | ridge |
| Spine | prominent ridge |
| Epicondyle | rough bump above condyle |
| Head | smooth ball shaped end of long bones |
| Condyle | smooth, "C-shaped" |
| Types of depressions | facet and fossa |
| Facet | smooth flat surface for articulation |
| Fossa | dip/pocket in a bone |
| Unique features of the hyoid bone | not in direct contact with any other bone; serve as attachment sites for the tongue and anterior neck muscles and ligaments |
| What are the "soft spots" in a newborn baby's head? | fontanels- spaces between skull bones where bone formation isn't complete |
| What purpose/function do sinuses serve in the skull? | allows the skull to be lighter and fills with mucus |
| What cavity does fluid from sinuses drain into? | nasal cavity |
| Distinguishing features of cervical vertebrae? | 7 vertebrae, atlas and axis, transverse foramen |
| Distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae? | 12 vertebrae, looks like a giraffe, transverse costal facets, no transverse foramen |
| Distinguishing features of lumbar vertebrae? | 5 vertebrae, looks like a moose, thicker, superior costal facet, inferior costal facet |
| What structure is located between adjacent vertebrae and what is this structure's function? | intervertebral discs that provide padding and allow for movement between adjacent vertebrae |
| What type of joint is present when any two cranial bones fuse together? | suture |
| What vital organ does the cranium protect? | the brain |
| What structure funnels sound into the external auditory meatus? | pinna |
| What bones form the nasal septum? | the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer |
| What is the "cheek" bone? | zygomatic bone |
| What is the anatomical name for a "tear" duct? Indicate in what facial bone the tear duct is located? | lacrimal duct located in the lacrimal bone |
| What is the name of the only freely movable joint in the skull? | mandible |
| What type of structures pass through the various foramina? | nerves and blood vessels |
| What structure extends through the foramen magnum in a living human? | spinal cord |
| In which cranial bone are the stylomastoid foramina located and which two structures are they located between? | on the temporal bone between the styloid process and the mastoid process |
| Why is it that only bone tissue appears on x-ray images and not other tissues? | calcium in bones absorbs x-rays the most out of all tissues, so it appears white |
| Describe the functional features of the thoracic cage | rigid structure allows attachment for muscles of the upper body to support the weight of the upper limbs |
| Name the bones that attach to the sternum | the ribs and costal cartilages |
| Difference between a true, false, and floating ribs | true ribs are connected to the sternum by strips of cartilage. false ribs do not attach to the sternum directly, they attach to the costal cartilage of the superior ribs. floating ribs don't attach to costal cartilages |
| Why is the sphenoid bone known as the "keystone" of the skull? | it articulates with all other cranial bones, holding them together |
| How many pairs of ribs do males and females have? | 12 pairs each |
Created by:
kkade
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