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World Civ
The Americas- Test #4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the early peoples of the Americas called? | Amerindians |
| Where were the key areas of development of the Americas? | Plateaus of Central Americas, Gulf of Mexico, and modern day Guatemala |
| What was the result of these civilizations being isolated? | they were deprived them of access to technology and cultural development |
| Recently, similar characteristics were discovered between Amerindians and Asian people. What does this confirm? | The thought that humans crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to the Americas between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago |
| Olmec | intensive agriculture and carving of stone ornaments, tools, and monuments |
| What are examples of the stone monuments carved by the Olmec? | San Lorenzo and La Venta |
| Zapotecs | developed simultaneously with the Olmecs at Monte Alban, temples and pyramids |
| Zapotec population | about 20,000 |
| Zapotec government | Theocratic |
| Theocratic government | elite class of nobles and priests ruling the population that primarily consists of farmers and artisans |
| What was the first major metropolitan city? | Teotihuacan (30 miles north of Mexico City) |
| Teotihuacan flourished for... | nearly a century |
| Why did Teotihuacan collapse? | mysterious circumstances |
| Teotihuacan had an extensive trade network that included... | cacao, rubber, feathers, and vegetables |
| Mayans were cultivating... | corn, yams, and manioc |
| Cacao trees and sources of obsidian were... | prized trade items |
| Chocolate | a beverage of the elite beans were currency the rest of the fruit was fermented into beer |
| Mayan rulers were ____________. | powerful |
| What was Mayan rulers' wealth most likely based on? | their ownership of land |
| Mayan nobles became... | priests and scribes |
| What happened as soceitiy's wealth grew? | the role of artisans and traders wealth grew |
| What job did most of the population on the peninsula have? | farmers |
| Mayan men | responsible for farming and hunting |
| Mayan women | responsible for homemaking and preparing cornmeal |
| Noble women might have... | played a more important role in political and religious life |
| Describe the rivalry among Mayan city-states | endemic and often involving bloody clashes |
| Rock paintings and carvings depict... | society with waging war and capturing people for sacrifice |
| Maya religion was... | polytheistic with shared characteristics among deities of nearby cultures |
| What were scribes responsible for? What did they write on? | compiling official records; deerskin or strips of bark |
| What does recent evidence suggest about the fall of the Mayan civilization say caused the decline? | over cultivation of land because of the growing population (reduced crop yield) and a several hundred years long drought |
| What group moved to the Valley of Mexico after the fall of Teotihuacan? | the Mexica |
| Where did the Mexica get their modern name? | the legend that says the came from Aztlan (modern name = Aztec) |
| The Mexica were led by ______________ who had both a __________________. | a monarch; divine and secular character |
| How did the Mexica monarch obtain power? | not by law of succession but his successor was selected from within the royal family by council of senior officials |
| The rest of the Mexica population consisted of... | commoners, indentured workers, and slaves |
| Most indentured workers were... | landless laborers who contracted to work on the nobles' estates |
| The Mexica gender roles were... | rigid |
| Mexica men | war |
| Mexica women | keep house, weave textiles, and raise kids |
| How many deities did the Aztecs have? | over 100 |
| Tlaloc | nature spirit, rain god |
| Huitzilopochtli | patron deities, symbol of Aztecs themselves |
| Aztec architecture, art, and sculpture had ___________ significance. | religious |
| In the center of the capital city of Tenochtitlan was the ______________, dominated by________________. | sacred precinct; a massive pyramid dedicated to Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc |
| Eastern Woodlands Amerindians cultivated in a... | systematic way |
| Where was the first shift to systematic farming? | along the MS River Valley- Ohio, Indiana, Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico |
| What were the staple crops of the MS River Valley? | maize, squash, beans, and various grasses |
| What did Hopewall Culture (Ohio) build? | "mound cities" |
| What did archaeologists find at Canokia (near East St Louis, IL)? | a burial mound more than 98 feet tall with a base larger than the Great Pyramids in Egypt |
| How did Amerindians west of the Mississippi live? | by hunting and food gathering |
| What were the Pueblo people known as by the Navajo? | Aansazi |
| What did the roads created by the Pueblo people do? | facilitate an extensive exchange of tech, products, and ideas throughout the region |
| In Chaco Canyon (southern NM), what did the Pueblo people build? What did this create? | a walled city with dozens of three-story communal houses; the city of Mes Verde in southwest CO |
| South America has vast extremes in... | climate and geography |
| What is South America's geography dominated by? | the Amazon River and dense rainforests and in the south, prairies and mountains |
| How many years has South America inhabited people? | 12,000 |
| What was used in the Andes as early as 2000 BCE? | irrigated farming |
| Caral (14 miles from the coast) is a highly... | publicized site |
| Caral is a ___________ year old city that sat _______________. | 4500; on top of a 60 foot pyramid |
| What did people grow in Caral? | squash, beans, and tomatoes |
| With the emergence of what, when did the Caval culture peak? | the 1st millennium with the emergence of Chavin style |
| Where did the name Chavin style come from? | the modern day city of Chavin de Huantar |
| The Moche civilization of ___________ occupied ___________. | north Peru in Moche River Valley; 2500 square miles |
| What was the population of the capital city of Moche? | 10,000 plus people |
| What was the Moche civilization dominated by? | an adobe pyramid 100 feet high |
| Because of the _____climate in the Moche River Valley, what did the people build? | arid; a sophisticated irrigation system |
| How did the Inca civilization begin? | a small community in Cuzco |
| Who was the leader of the Inca? What did he do? | Pachakuti; launched a campaign to conquer the entire region and expanded as far as Ecuador, central Chile, and the edge of Amazon basin |
| Pachakuti created ____________ and because of his concern for mathematical precision he______________. | highly centralized state; divided empire into provinces and districts |
| How big were the Inca provinces and districts and who ruled them? | 10.000; rules by governor related to the royal family |
| Pachakuti created... | 28,400 miles of highways and roads that extended for 3,000 plus miles from the border of Columbia to a point south of the modern day city of Santiago, Chile |
| How many men were in the Inca army? | 200,000 |
| What did the Inca use to keep records instead of a writing system? | knotted strings called quipu |
| What were the people that moved to the Caribbean Islands called? | Caribs |
| The Caribs were more ___________ and often _________________. | warlike than the people before them; drove away people who were already established in these places. |
Created by:
allisonmauffray
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