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World Civ
Greeks and Romans- Test #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What state is a comparable size to the ancient Greek Civilization? | Louisiana |
| Where did the earliest civilization in the Aegean region emerged? | Crete Island |
| The civilization, Minoan, was discovered and named by... | Arthur Evans |
| Why was Mycenaean Greece showing signs of collapse? And what happened that ultimately caused the collapse? | earthquakes, external attacks; Mycenae burned |
| After Mycenaean collapse, Greece entered a _________ which eventually became viewed as a transitional period from _________. | Dark Age; bronze to iron |
| Iron weapons were ________. Which made farming tools more accessible which _______. | more affordable; reversed food population decline |
| _______ and _______ were based on stories passed down through generations. Who wrote them? | Iliad; The Odyssey; Homer |
| What did Greek civilization evolve into? What were they called? | independent city-states; poleis (plural) or polis (singular) |
| Where would people gather for political, social, or religious activities? | acropolis |
| Agora | below acropolis, open space that functioned as marketplace and a place where citizens could assemble |
| Sparta | militaristic, viewed conquest over colonization |
| Athens | democratic |
| Expansion of the trade industry led to _______ who built ________. | tyrants; marketplaces, temples, and walls |
| Sparta conquered... | Laconians then Messenians |
| Lycurgus | historians are unsure if he lived, devised a rigid set of reforms that organized the entire society (evident in rigidity and control of Spartan Society) |
| Boys were taken from mothers at ______ years old to live _______. At ____ years old, boys enrolled in ____ and allowed __________. At ______ years old, boys were allowed________. | seven; military-style; twenty; regular military; to marry; thirty; to move home |
| Spartan government was... | an oligarchy, meaning the wealthy rule |
| Oligarchy- two kings for... | military affairs |
| Oligarchy- five men (______) for... | ephors; education of the youth and conduct of all |
| Oligarchy- council of elders... | shared power with the king |
| Spartans refrained from | travel (outside of the military), trade, and education in philosophy, literature, or art |
| Athens established a... | polis on peninsula of Africa |
| Athenian farmers found themselves in ________ and were ______________. | debt; sold into slavery |
| Cleisthenes | Council of Five Hundred, selected by the ten tribes of Athens, reforms remain foundation for Athenian democracy |
| The Classical Age began with _____________. The ________ spread through the ______________ and came into contact with ___________. | confrontation between the Greeks and the Persians; Mediterranean; the Persian Empire |
| Persian Monarchy sent... | infantry and naval vessels to Greece |
| Some Greek states created a __________ under ________________. | defensive league; Spartan leadership |
| Who led the Greeks during the war against the Persians? | Themistocles |
| A Persian army of how many moved into Greece? | 150,000 |
| Greeks tried to delay the Persians at... | pass of Thermopylae |
| Who was the Spartan King during the war with Persia? | Leonidas |
| How many days did Leonidas and his 300 men hold the Persians off? | two |
| The Greek Navy ______________ and the Greek army grew and ___________. | defeated the Persian Army; defeated the Persians |
| What city-state took over Greece after defeating the Persians? | Athens |
| What was the Delian League? | a naval alliance system that pursued the Persians |
| The Delian League eventually led to... | all Greek city-states under Persian control being liberated |
| Power was in the hands of the people- male citizens... | voted in assemblies and served as jurors |
| Power was in the hands of the people- low class citizens... | entered public offices formerly closed to them |
| Pericles introduced ___________ for office holders. | state pay (pay for jury duty) |
| Poor citizens could... | participate in public affairs |
| Tension between Athens and Sparta led to what? | Peloponnesian War |
| How did the Peloponnesian War end? | cooperation between the two city-states |
| Sparta then operated Athens and... | decline of Greek Civilization was in full swing |
| The "father of history" | Herodotus |
| Herodotus wrote ______________, which was the ______________. | History of the Persian War; first real history of western civilization |
| Sophocles' Oedipus the King | Oedipus would kill his father and marry his mother |
| Euripides | did not use simple plots and storylines to create complex storylines with realistic characters |
| What characteristic of Athens is shown in philosophy? | Athens was the center of intellect and art |
| Greeks were concerned with _________________ about _________________. | developing critical or rational thoughts; the nature of the universe and souls |
| Three most popular philosophers | Socrates, Plate, Aristotle |
| Homer's poetry gave Greek religion... | a polytheistic structure with twelve gods/goddesses living on Mount Olympus |
| Each polis singled out one of the gods/goddesses as its... | patron god |
| What started to honor Zeus that takes place every four years? | the Olympics |
| Before Philip II, what was Macedonia viewed as? | a little more than barbarians |
| Who turned Macedonia into an efficient army? | Philip II |
| Philip II's efficient army turned Macedonia into | one of the strongest Greek power |
| Eventually, Philip II had... | control of all of Greece |
| Why couldn't Philip II continue his plan to invade Asia? | he was assassinated |
| Who did power go to after Philip II's assassination? | his son, Alexander |
| Why did the people that supported Alexander the Great think his title came from? | his military abilities, extensive conquests, and creation of a new empire |
| What did the people that did not support Alexander the Great think of him? | they thought he was an aspiring autocratic monarch |
| What happened after Alexander the Great's death? | the empire crumbled, leaving four Hellenistic kingdoms behind |
| What were the four Hellenistic kingdoms left behind after Alexander the Great's death? Eventually they would all be conquered by who? | Macedonia, Syria and the east, Attalid, and Egypt; the Romans |
| What about Italy helped it support a large population? | fertile plains |
| What aspects of Rome's location made it beneficial? | it was only 18 miles inland and along the Tiber River, which means they had access to the sea but far enough in to be protected from pirates |
| Italy is a vital crossroad between... | eastern and western ends of the sea |
| To rule Italy, Romans created _____________ which was __________. | the Roman Confederation; alliance of independent states |
| Council of the Plebs | Result of struggle between classes |
| Patricians were ________ and Plebeians were__________. | Wealthy; commoners |
| Patricians descended from _________ who were the only citizens who ____________. | The original senators; could be consuls, magistrates, and senators |
| Plebeians were ____________ who were also ________ but without ___________. | Landowners, artisans, merchants, and small farmers; citizens; the same rights |
| Four main successes of the Plebeians | Creations of the council of the plebs, intermarriage between classes, permission for plebs to become consuls; creation of tribunes of the plebs who were given power to protect the plebeians against arrest by patrician magistrates |
| What were the three stages the Roman Empire | Conquest of Italian peninsula, conflict with Carthage and expansion into the western Mediterranean, involvement with and conquest of Hellenistic kingdoms in east Mediterranean |
| Three main Roman leaders | Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar |
| Crassus | Richest man in Rome, led successful military against slave rebellion |
| Pompey | Returned from successful military in Spain and was hailed a hero |
| Caesar | Military command in Spain |
| What did Caesar and Pompey do after Crassus’s death? Who gained power? | Fight for power; Caesar |
| What did Caesar do in power? | Increased senate to 900 men and reformed calendar to 365 days a year |
| Who was Caesar succeed by and what did he do? | His sported son Octavian; would defeat Antony and control all of Rome while also ending the Roman Empire |
| During the 2nd century, Roman Empire was… | One of the greatest states the world has seen and had a population comparable to Han China (upwards of 50 million) |
| Western Rome language | Latin |
| Eastern Rome language | Greek |
| What was the combined culture of the Greeks and Romans called? | Greco-Roman |
| Romans were the first to… | Use concrete on a large scale |
| Factors that almost caused economic collapse | Invasions, civil wars, plague |
| Army expanded and assigned… | Duty on frontier to protect border |
| The capital was moved from… | Rome to Constantinople |
| In the west, there were increasing numbers of… | Germanic people crossed into the frontiers |
| The decline of Rome was in part because of… | Christianity’s emphasis on spirituality |
| Jesus of Nazareth | Had a simple message trying to reassure his fellow Jews that he wasn’t planning on undermining their religion. He presented ethical concepts that would form the basis of the value system of medieval western civilization |
| Romans believed Jesus could… | Potentially start a revolution |
| Paul of Tarsus believed… | The message of Jesus should be told to all and Jesus was the son of God |
Created by:
allisonmauffray
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