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Unit 4 test
Unit 4: Political Geography Unit Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| political geography | the branch of geography that deals with the boundaries, divisions, and possessions of countries; the study of human political organization of the earth |
| territoriality | the attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people by delimiting & exerting control over geographic area |
| 3 scales of analysis | supranational, national, & subnational |
| supranational forces | global efforts to address environmental challenges, create stronger economies, trade agreements, & military alliances create stronger forces of supranationalism |
| state | an area organized into a political unit & ruled by an established government that has control over internal & foreign affairs |
| microstate | a sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area, usually both |
| nation | group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory, bound by a strong sense of unit arising from shared beliefs & customs |
| nation-state | state whose territorial extent sides with that occupied by a distinct nation of people, or whose people share a general sense of adherences to a shared set of common values |
| stateless nation | nation that does not process its own state & is not the majority population in any current nation-state |
| multi-ethnic state | a state that contains more than one ethnicity |
| multinational state | a country that contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination |
| multistate nation | a nation with more than one state inside its borders |
| autonomous region | sections of a nation that have some degree of independence |
| semi-autonomous region | section of a nation that has a degree of, but not complete self-government |
| colony | a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent |
| neocolonialism | the use of economic, political, & cultural influences to control or influence other countries, economies, or former colonies |
| imperialism | a policy of extending a country's power & influence through diplomacy or military force |
| choke point | a strategic strait or canal that could be closed or blocked by a state to gain a political advantages over others |
| boundary | a vertical plane that cuts through the airspace & ground to determine owndership |
| physical boundaries | boundaries that follow an agreed upon feature in the natural landscape |
| geometric boundary | boundary drawn based on a grid system, such as latitude & longitude |
| superimposed boundary | boundary forcibly placed on the landscape by outside parties, such as supranational organizations |
| demarcation | creating visible means on the earth's surface to mark a boundary |
| delimited | drawing a boundary on the map |
| relic | boundary that no longer functions as a border |
| subsequent boundary | one that evolved as the cultural landscape of an area takes shape |
| antecedent boundary | one that existed before the cultural landscaped evolved & remained in place as people settled in the area |
| exclave | a portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by territory another or others, as viewed by the home territory |
| enclave | a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity; a country within a country |
| consequent boundary | one that coincides with some cultural divide such as language or religion |
| compact state | distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly |
| elongated state | state with a long, narrow shape |
| prorupted state | compact state with a large projecting extension |
| perforated state | a state that completely surrounds another one; encompassed state is dependent on the surrounding state for interactions beyond its boundary |
| fragmented state | one with several discontinuous pieces of territory |
| landlocked state | one that lacks a direct outlet to a sea because it is completely surround by several other countries |
| unitary state | one where laws are administered by one central government, no religion authorities |
| reapportionate | the process of redistributing legislative seats based on individual state populations |
| redistricting | the process of dividing an area into new political districts |
| gerrymandering | process of manipulating boundaries such that one political party or race is given preferential treatment over another |
| devolution | the transfer of power ot a lower level, such as from central government to a lower government |
| shatterbelt | a region caught between stronger external cultural/political forces under continual stress & often fragmented by rival political forces, under continual stress & often fragmented by rival political units |
| balkanization | when a larger state dissolves into several smaller political units, often based upon conflicts between ethnic groups |
| self-determination | the belief that a nation should be sovereign |
| centripetal forces | an attitude that tends to unify people & enhance support for a state |
| centrifugal forces | actions that may decrease support for a state & cause it to fracture |
| nationalism | strong loyalty & devotion to a nationality |
| ethnonationalism | loyalty to a particular ethnicity or race as opposed to a nation |
| separist movement | a political & social movement that secks to separate a particular group or territory form the larger entity to which it belongs |
Created by:
jeanay26
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