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AT1Q4
Ecology and Climate
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biome: (Text Definition) | Group of similar ecosystems |
| Biome: (Andy's Definition) | Area with one dominant plant form which only applies to terrestrial land |
| Photic Zone: | Where light can penetrate, allows photosynthesis to occur |
| Aphotic Zone: | Insufficient light, very little life in this area (no p'sis) |
| Benthic: | Bottom |
| Pologic Zone: | Open water, all but benthic zone |
| What are chemical properties of lakes? | Oligotrophic: few nutrients (natural state), Eutotrophic: Lots of nutrients (death) |
| What are physical properties of wetlands? | Marsh or swamp that is either always wet or frequently flooded |
| What about photosynthetic organisms in wetlands? | Some of most productive in the world (p'sis occurs) |
| What are human impacts on wetlands? | Many destroyed for development (marsh Arabs and Saddam) |
| What are physical properties of Streams and rivers? | Current--they move |
| What is a human impact on streams and rivers? | "Cradle of civilization," because of rich soil for agriculture and import possibilities |
| What are the animals in estuaries? | Very diverse, fish crabs, worms, and birds that eat them |
| Intertidal zone: (physical) | Between low and high tide, affects light and oxygen levels (salt levels vary) |
| Intertidal zone: (Human impact) | Recreational purpose |
| Oceanic pelagic (Animals) | Open ocean (few tiny organims), but whales and squids are here |
| Coral reefs (photosynthetic) | Depend on algae living w/in them for p'sis |
| Coral reefs (Animals) | Most diverse aquatic system (fish, worms, shrimp) |
| Coral reefs (human impact) | Divers collect pieces of coral for aquarium or tourists, pollution affects algae= no p'sis |
| Marine Benthic (Physical) | Deep sea vents |
| Marine Benthic Photosynthetic organisms | No light= no p'sis |
| Tropical forest precipitation | High, 200 inches rain |
| Desert preceipitation | Low, dry |
| Define behavior: | What an animal does and how it does it |
| What are examples of behavior? | Feeding, mating, learning |
| Why does an aimal perform a certain behavior? | Approximate causes or immediate causes |
| Define approximate causes: | Pretty close causes |
| Immediate causes: | Genetic causes |
| Ultimate causes: | Long term causes |
| Nature: | Innate behavior, doesn't have to be learned |
| Nurture: | learned behaviors, controlled by environment |
| Behavior: | Historically, grew out of biology and psychology |
| What are the fields inovled with the study of behavior: | Comparative psychology and ethology |
| Comparative psychology inolves which kinds of causes? | Proximate causes, especially learning, work done in lab with rats and pigeons |
| Give an example of behavior in a psychological standpoint? | Study of prairie voles |
| Habibtuation: | Simple type of learning in which individual stops responding to repeated stmulus, gives no new info |
| Habituation is what type of method? | discrimination method where you expose subject to one stimulus until it does not respond anymore (habituates), and then you introduce a new stumulus |
| If subject can distinguish between the two stimuli, which one would it respond more to? | The last stimuli |
| the field of ethology is more interested in what type of causes? | Ultimate causes, so they go to natural environment |
| How do ethologist begin their studies? | by studying simple behaviors |
| Fixed action pattern: | behavior taht is always the same |
| Give an example of FAP | Female goose incubting eggs, when one is out of place, it moves beak back and forth ot get it back, will do this even if egg is taken away |
| Sign stimulus: | triggers FAP |
| Give an extensive example of the FAP | sign Stimuli: Lay eggs on dark shiny surfaces, FAP: lays eggs |
| Imprinting: | type of learning determined in part by genetic components |
| When does imprinting occur: | during sensitive period--set period of time early in development |
| How is the sensitive period determined? | Genetically |
| Give an example of imprinting | The ducklings following their mom cause it is her picture (stimuli) they see when they are hatched |
| What did ethology evolve into? | Behavioral ecology: |
| What is behavioral ecology? | Study of hebavior as an evolutionary adaptation to the environment |
| Home range: | Animals resides, mates, whatever, within this range |
| Why do skunks have dens near the edge of forest? | Food supplies from both sides... |
| Why does home range increase as latitute increases? | As food becomes scarce, it needs to look over a greater area to locate food |
| Why is the male home range greater than that of the female? | Needs more food, has multiple mates, so it needs more room to select a mate` |
| Secual selection: | Selection for mating success |
| Intersexual selection: | Mate choice by member of one sex for member of opposite sex |
| Often, who chooses the mate? | Female choose male |
| Intrasexual selection: | Competition within sex, males fighiting for a female |
| What is an example of intersexual selection? | Females in some species choose mates similar to their father (imprinting example, too) |
| Explain the zebra finches experiment: | They got a bunch of birds, threw feathers on certain of them, maintaining a control group, female mate choices were studied |
| What was the result of this experiment: | Females raised by cresless father had no preference, while females with crested fathers wanted a mate with a crest |
Created by:
talkglitter2486