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Pediatrics
Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| communication techniques for assessing the pediatric patient | allow them time to feel comfortable let them play with your tools (stethoscope, thermometer etc) be at eye level with the child offer choices when possible |
| average height and weight for infants | birth weight doubles by 6 months and triples by 1 year head circumference increases by 33% by 12 months length increases by 1 inch per month during 6 months, increased by 50% at 1 year |
| average height and weight for toddlers | gain 4-6 pounds per year birth weight quadruples by 2.5 years height increases by 3 inches anterior fontannel is closed by 12-18 months |
| average height and weight for preschool aged child | average weight gain 4.5-6.5 pounds per year average height increases 2.5-3.5 inches per year |
| average height and weight fir school aged child | 2 inches per year 4.4-6.6 pounds annually |
| adolescence height and weight | final linear and weight growth takes place |
| developmental milestones for toddlers | locomotion is main gross motor skill!!!! walking by 15 months, running by 18 months at 2 years old can walk up/down stairs 15 months- throw objects, use a cup, say 4-6 words, express emotions 2 years old can say up to 300 words start toilet training |
| developmental milestones for preschool-aged children | vocab increases, sentences form, begin to compare size to peers, begin to have fears, imaginary companions, right and left hand dominance is determined |
| developmental milestones for school-aged children | immune system becomes stronger, HR and RR decrease with age, BP increases develops concept of time, provides similarities and differences between things, family has meaning, can provide self care, help with chores, cook, peers are extremely important!! |
| adolescence developmental milestones | group identity quest for personal identity resists parental control PUBERTY!! |
| erickson stage infants | trust vs mistrust |
| piaget stage infants | sensoriomotor simple repetitive acts to imitative activity, object permanence and separation anxiety |
| erickson stage toddlers | autonomy vs shame and doubt |
| piaget stage toddlers | sensoriomotor knows that holding favorite blanket makes them feel good |
| tertiary circular reactions | happens in toddler stage, trial and error periods- a child may make different sounds to get a reaction out of the parent |
| erickson stage preschool aged | initiative vs guilt |
| piaget preschool aged | preoperational phase shift from egocentric thoughts to social awareness and ability to consider other viewpoints |
| erickson school aged | industry vs inferiority With parent encouragement children become capable of performing new task. Those without encouragement will doubt their ability to succeed with the new task |
| piaget school aged | concrete operations A child who is shown two candy bars, but one is cut into two pieces, understand they are still equal amounts of candy |
| erickson adolescence | identity vs role confusion |
| piaget formal operations | Children can do mathematical calculations, think creatively, use abstract reasoning, and imagine outcomes |
| infants nutrition | o Breast milk is the most complete diet for infants for first 6 months o Commercial iron fortified formula is also good o Vitamin D supplement of 4000 international units |
| toddlers nutrition | o 13 g/day for protein is needed o Whole milk for bone and brain development o Portion size of food should be 1 tbsp per item for each year of life o Encourage diet rich in fruits/ vegetables, meat with high iron content o Toddlers are PICKY!!!! |
| preschool aged nutrition | o Nutrient dense foods- 1200 to 1400 calories o 13-19 g/ day protein o Calcium |
| school aged nutrition | o Balanced diet, the affect of fast food- starches and sugars are the main proponent of their diets- teach |
| adolesence nutrition | o Obesity!! o Encourage diets high in protein, healthy carbs, fruits, vegetables, and fiber o Decrease screen time o Encourage physical activity |
| nursing assessment infants | o Least invasive to most invasive o Count respirations, listen to heart and breath sounds, ending with temp and blood pressure o Complete on parent’s lap if needed |
| nursing assessment toddlers | o Attempt to stay at their level o Least to most invasive o Let child play with equipment to become familiar o Reassure child that nothing will hurt |
| preschool aged nursing assessment | o Least invasive to most invasive o Okay to complete assessment on the parent’s lap o Let them play with stethoscope |
| school aged nursing assessment | o Offer privacy o Ask them about things that interest them o Tell them exactly what you will be doing |
| adolesence nursing assessment | o Ensure privacy and interview adolescent without parents o Explain the limits of confidentiality o Ask open ended questions o Move from less sensitive to most sensitive |
| education- infants | o Educate parents on SIDS, safe sleeping, car seat safety o Injury risks- suffocation and drowning, burns, choking, falls prevention o Immunizations- Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A, Diphtheria, tetanus, polio, measles |
| education- toddlers | o Sleeps 11-12 hours per night o Importance of daily routines o Brushing teeth o Stranger safety o Choking, burn prevention o Drowning and car seat safety |
| education preschool aged | o Sleep, daily routines, choking, burns, drowning, falls, car seat safety, stranger safety o Bicycle helmets- “Practice what you preach” |
| school aged education | o Bicycle safety, injury prevention, playing in safe places, extracurricular activities(before puberty can participate with males and females, after puberty must separate) decreased screen time, peer pressure, fears, brushing teeth (super important!!) |
| adolesence education | o Discuss injury prevention, promote safety, reinforce dangers of drug and alcohol use, encourage safety call to parents, swim with a friend, firearms, watch for signs of depression and suicide |
| mortality risk infants | o Suffocation, motor-vehicle related injuries and drowning o SAFE PAD Suffocation, sleep pattern Asphyxia Falls Electrical burns Poisoning Automobile safety Drowning |
| toddlers mortality risk | o Unintentional childhood injury and drowning o Falls o Homicide, congenital anomalies, cancer, heart disease |
| preschool aged mortality risk | o Injuries, congenital anomalies, homicide, cancer, heart disease |
| school aged mortality risk | o Number 1- motor vehicle crashes o Injuries, cancer, suicide, congenital anomalies, homicide, heart disease |
| adolescence mortality risk | o Suicide, homicide, cancer, heart disease |
| signs and symptoms of dying patient | o Pain o Dyspnea o Fatigue o Nausea and Vomiting o Irritability o Loss of sensation and movement in lower extremities progressing toward the upper body, heat sensation even when the body feels cool, loss of consciousness/confusion |
| cognitive impairment consists of | Intellectual functioning Adaptive functioning The onset of disabilities during childhood or age younger than 18 years |
Created by:
ellabrewer3
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