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A&P Class Week 2
Contains Cell Diversity, Cell Anatomy, and Tissues of the Body
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nucleus | The headquarters, or control center of a cell. Contains the genes. |
Nuclear Envelope | The nucleus is bound by a double membrane barrier called the nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane. |
Nucleolus | Very center of the nucleus |
Chromatin | The structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes). |
Plasma Membrane | Membrane that encloses cell contents; outer limiting membrane. |
Cytosol | Semi-transparent fluid that suspends the other elements. |
Mitochondria | The rod-like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation. |
Ribosomes | Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | A membranous network of tubular or sack-like channels in the cytoplasm of a cell. |
Golgi Apparatus | A stack of flattened membranous sacs, associated with swarms of tiny vesicles. |
Lysosomes | Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes. |
Centrioles | A minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules; active in cell divisions. |
Epithelial Tissues | Is the lining, covering, or glandular tissue of the body. |
Simple Squamous Epithelium | Single layer of thin squamous cells resting on a basement membrane. Found in Air sacs of the lungs. |
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | One layer of cuboidal cells cresting on a basement membrane. Found in salivary glands and pancreas. |
Simple Columnar Epithelium | Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together. Found in the entire length of the digestive tract. |
Stratified Squamous Epithelium | Most common stratified epithelial in the body. Consists of several layers of cells. Found in the esophagus, the mouth, and the outer portion of the skin. |
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium | Typically has just two layers of cells. |
Stratified Columnar Epithelium | Columnar cells, but its basal cells vary in size and shape. |
Glands | Consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product. |
Connective Tissues | Tissues that connect body parts, primarily involved in protecting, supporting, and binding together. |
Bone | Sometimes called osseous tissue, it is composed of bone cells sitting in cavities and surrounded by layers of very hard matrix which contain calcium salts. |
Cartilage | Less hard and more flexible than bone; Attaches ribs to breastbone; Covers ends of bones; Between vertebrae; Supports external ear |
Dense Connective Tissue | Forms strong rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments |
Tendons | Connects skeletal muscle to bone |
Ligaments | Connects bones to bones at joints. |
Loose Connective Tissue | Softer and have more cells and fewer fibers than any other connective tissue. |
Areolar Tissue | Most widely distributed connective tissue. Soft, pliable, spider-webby tissue that cushions and protects the body organs it wraps. |
Adipose Tissue | Commonly called fat. Areolar type tissue where fat cells dominate. |
Blood | Also known as vascular tissue. Considered connective tissue because it has blood cells, but is very different from all other connective tissues. |
Muscle Tissues | Are highly specialized to contract and shorten, to produce movement. |
Skeletal Muscle Tissue | Packaged together by connective tissue sheets tinto organs called skeletal muscles. Can be controlled voluntarily. |
Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Found only in the heart. Under involuntary control. |
Smooth Muscle Tissue | Visceral muscle is so called because no striations are visible. Found in the walls of hollow organs, such as bladder, stomach, uterus. |
Nervous Tissue | Receive and conduct electrical impulses. Irritability and conductivity are the two main functional characteristics. |