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A&P- Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mass | how much matter an object has |
| Weight | measure on how strong gravity pulls on that object |
| Atoms | smallest unit of matter |
| Protons | - positively charged - in atomic nucleus - 1 dalton |
| Neutrons | - no charge - in atomic nucleus - 1 dalton |
| Electrons | - negatively charged - in electron cloud - 1/2000th of a dalton |
| Mass number | number of protons plus number of neutrons (mass of an atom) |
| Atomic mass | - actual mass - written below symbol on table |
| How to find neutrons: | mass # - atomic # |
| Isotope | atoms with same atomic number and differ in number of neutrons. - if unstable, it is considered radioactive and nucleus decays (emits energy) |
| Half life | amount of time for half a given am. of isotope to decay |
| Atoms with _________ valence shells are reactive. Atoms with _________ valence shells are unreactive. | incomplete; complete |
| What is the max number of electrons in each shell? | 1: two 2: eight 3: eight |
| What are covalent bonds? | Sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms - is the most stable |
| Nonpolar covalent bond | No charge; occurs between atoms with the same electronegativity; equal sharing of electrons |
| Polar covalent bond | Occurs between atoms with different electronegativity; unequal sharing of electrons |
| Ionic bonds | Transfer of electrons from one atom to another; no sharing. |
| Hydrogen bonds | Between a H atom of one polar covalent bond and either a N or O atom of another polar covalent bond; weak bond |
| Hydrolysis reaction | Splits water and adds a H and OH to the products |
| Dehydration synthesis reaction | Forms water by removing H and OH from reactants |
| What do enzymes do? | Speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. |
| If E is released, it is ____________. If more E is absorbed, it is __________. | Exothermic; endothermic |
| Substrate | The starting material with an enzyme |
| Active site | Groove in an enzyme that binds one or more substrate; Lock and Key model |
| Solute | Substance that is dissolved |
| Solvent | Substance that does the dissolving |
| Solution | Solute and solvent |
| Aqueous solution | When water is the solvent; H20 forms hydration sphere around ions that break down compounds. |
| Electrolytes | Disassociate into water and release ions |
| Acid | Solute that dissociates in solution and releases H ions. <7 |
| Base | Solute that removes H from solution. >7 |
| pH | Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions |
| What do buffers do? | Controls the pH by either adding or removing H |
| Organic compounds is anything that includes ___? | Carbon |
| What are the building blocks of Carbohydrates and what is it's main function? | Monosaccarides, Energy source |
| What is the function of lipids and it's building blocks? | Energy source, insulation; fatty acids |
| What I the function of proteins and it's building blocks? | Support, movement, defense; amino acids |
| What are the four levels of proteins and their shapes? | 1. Primary-Chain of amino acids 2. Secondary-coiled shape called alpha helix or beta sheet 3. Tertiary-Coiled and bent 4. Quatinary-Two coiled proteins colliding together |
| What is the function of nucleic acids and it's building blocks? | Information storage and protein synthesis; nucleotides |
| What are the three main pieces of information about DNA? | 1. double stranded 2. with deoxyribose sugar 3. AGTC bases |
| What are the three main pieces of information about RNA? | 1. Single stranded 2. Ribose sugar 3. AGUC bases |
Created by:
madelineyork
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