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Chapter 4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Rock | is a natural solid mixture of minerals or grains |
Grains | geologist call the fragments that make up a rock |
Texture | the grain size and the way grains fit together in a rock |
Magma | molten or liquid rock underground |
Lava | molten rock that erupts on earth's surface |
Sediment | rock material that forms where rocks are broken down int smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode |
Rock Cycle | the series of process that change one type of rock into another type of rock |
Extrusive rock | Earth's surface, it forms a type of igneous rock |
Volcanic glass | rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals |
Intrusive | igneous rock that form as magma cools underground |
Compaction | the weight from layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between grains |
Cementation | minerals dissolve in water crystallize between sediment grains |
Clastic | sedimentary rocks that are made up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments |
Clasts | the broken pieces and fragments |
Chemical rock | from when minerals crystallize out of the water and form minerals |
Biochemical rock | sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organism |
Metamorphism | any process that affects the structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of change in temperature pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids |
Foliated rocks | contain parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals |
Nonfoliated rocks | metamorphic rock that have mineral grains with a random, interlocking texture |