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Chemistry Chapter 8
Question | Answer |
---|---|
all group 1 & ammonium are ... | soluble |
all nitrates, acetates, and chlorates are ... | soluble |
all chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except with ___ , ___ , & ___ | Ag, Hg, Pb |
all sulfides are insoluble except with ... | group 1 & 2 metals |
all hydroxides are insoluble except with rule ___, ___ , ___ , & ___ | 1, Ca, Sr, Ba |
precipitation reactions form an ... | insoluble products (aka precipitate) |
precipitation reactions form an ... | insoluble products (aka precipitate) |
the diatomic 7 (elements that appear in pairs) are ... | H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I |
the special oxidation #'s are ... | Zn (+2), Cd (+2), Ag (+1) |
a dissociation reaction is when ... | ionic compounds break into ions |
a molecular reaction is ... | a full rxn w/ states of matter |
a complete ionic reaction is when ... | anything (aq) breaks into ions (add charges & cross out spectator ions) |
a net ionic reaction is ... | a rxn w/ spectator ions crossed out (add charges, add states of matter, & balance) |
spectator ions are ... | ions that are on both sides of a reaction |
physical change vs chemical change | P: change in properties w/o changing chemical composition (cut) C: produces new matter (burn) |
physical property vs chemical property | P: change in characteristic of matter w/o affecting chemicals C: change of one matter into another type of matter (reactive) |
intensive vs extensive (physical properties) | I: independent of # present (magnetic, color) E: dependent of # present (length, mass, volume) |
the signs of a chemical reaction are ... | produces heat energy, produces light energy, produces gas, forms a precipitate, changes colors |
reactant vs product | R: starting substance(s) P: ending substance(s) |
arrow vs double arrow | arrow: yields double arrow: reversible rxn |
(s) or (cr), (l), (g), & (aq) mean ... | solid, liquid, gas, aqueous |
coefficients are ... and indicate ... | - # in front of the compound - # of moles or # of molecules |
(S) metal oxide + carbon dioxide -> | metal carbonate |
(S) metal oxide + water -> | metal hydroxide |
(S) metal oxide + sulfur trioxide -> | metal sulfates |
(S) nonmetal oxide + water -> | oxy-acid |
(S) metal chloride + oxygen -> | metal chlorate |
synthesis reactions are ... | A+B -> AB two reactants -> one product |
(D) metal carbonate -> | metal oxide + carbon dioxide |
(D) metal hydroxide -> | metal oxide + water |
(D) metal chlorate -> | metal chloride + oxygen |
(D) hydrates -> | anhydrous salt + water |
(D) oxy-acid -> | nonmetal oxide + water |
decomposition reactions are ... | AB -> A+B one reactant -> two products |
a double replacement reaction is ... | AB+CD -> AD+CB two compounds where positive ions switch places |
a single replacement reaction is ... | cation: AB+C -> CB+A anion: AB+D -> AD+B a free element replaces similar charge in coumpound |
in order for a single replacement reaction to occur, the free element must be ... on the activity series than the same charged element in the compound | higher |
the halogens from highest to lowest on the activity series are ... | F, Cl, Br, I (same as periodic table up to down) |
the inorganic reactions are ... | substitution (alkanes & rings), addition (alkenes & alkynes), & elimination (alkenes & alkynes) |